【作者】 谷战英；

【导师】 王承南；

【作者基本信息】 中南林学院 ， 森林培育， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 银杏为第四纪冰川之后，只在我国保存下来的一科一属一种的孑遗植物，故有“活化石”、“植物界的熊猫”之称。我国是世界银杏的起源和分布中心，栽培历史悠久，地理分布广泛。银杏具有重要的植物学价值、经济价值、食用和药用价值，尤其是果实(白果)和叶的提取物(有效成分是黄酮甙和萜类)的价值较大，故日益成为关注焦点。针对目前由于缺乏科学而系统的区划，普遍存在的盲目的引种栽植银杏，并未出现预期效果，而造成了人力、物力和土地资源的大量浪费的现象，本文在林业方面首先提出品质区划的概念，并对湖南省的银杏(六个主产区)进行品质区划。主要依据为种仁和叶中化学成分含量和种核形态、经济性状，选取的分类因子有：蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉、糖、桷皮素、山奈酚、异鼠李素、总黄酮、白果内脂、萜内酯及风干重、出仁率、壳厚度等。应用SPSS软件及相关的数理统计分析方法，从不同角度分析各指标的变异情况及相似度，分别确定所需指标的最佳种源地，从而为目的明确的银杏生产提供理论依据。根据银杏叶中总黄酮含量，将全省区划为三个区(按含量由高到低排列)：石门——凤凰区、安化——新宁——新化区和桃江区；根据银杏叶中总内酯含量，将全省区划为三个区(按含量由高到低排列)：桃江区、石门——新宁——新化——凤凰区和安化区。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ginkgo biloba is the single species, single genus and single-family plant, only surviving in China after the Fourth Ice Period, so the living fossil and the panda in plant kingdom name it. The origin and distribution center of the world is in China, where it has long history and widespread cultivated areas. It’s becoming a focus on account of its important botanical value, economic value, edible and pharmacological value, especially of its fruit and extractions, useful compositions are ketone and terpene, from the leave. Because of lack of scientific and system division, introducing and cultivating Ginkgo biloba is unrealistic, which lead to heavy losses. Quality division is first introduced to forestry in this thesis. And quality division of Ginkgo biloba in Hunan province is fulfilled. The division is based on chemical component of kernel and leave and morphological and economic characteristics of seed. The measured factors are protein, fat, starch, sugar, ketone, terpene, arid weight, kernel percentage and shell thickness. The variation coefficient and similarity is analyzed by using software SPSS and relative mathematical method, and the best origin planting area of single factor is suggested, which offer theory basis for Ginkgo biloba production. According to ketone content in leave, the whole province is divided into four districts, namely Shimen-Fenghuang, Anhua, Xinning-Xinhua and Taojiang, arranging in high content to low content order. Samely, according to ketone content, the whole province is divided into four districts, namely Taojiang, Shimen-xinning, Xinhua-Fenghuang and Anhua.更多还原