【作者】 段凤华；

【导师】 兰奇光；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 世界史， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 国际法作为调整涉外事务、规范国家间关系的法律准则，最初也是从习惯法发展而来。古代一些思想家早已有了国际法思想。柏拉图与他的希腊前辈相比，这方面的思想更丰富。较之于中国同时代的思想家，各有特色。本为分引言与正文两大部分。 引言部分介绍了国际法学界在国际法与国际法思想之产生以及柏拉图国际法思想等问题上的研究状况。 正文分四部分来论述柏拉图国际法思想。 第一部分阐述了柏拉图国际法思想形成的背景，一方面，这种思想的形成与古希腊世界的整体历史背景有紧密联系：众多希腊城邦构成国际社会雏型、战争频繁、海外市场急剧扩大与对外贸易剧增、外邦人大量进入、与周围民族国家广泛交往，这些因素都促使希腊城邦间国际法相对发达；一方面，柏拉图自身特殊经历也很大程度上影响了他的国际法思想。 第二部分详细阐述了柏拉图各种具体的国际法思想，是本文的重点，分为五个小部分。一、希腊城邦间应坚持主权平等和不以武力相威胁的国际法基本原则。二、国家只是大到还能保持统一的城邦，个人不能成为国际法主体；希腊世界要对外殖民；城邦间要讲究外交礼仪、尊崇外交使节；实施外侨招待法，但限制外国人入籍。三、希腊城邦间的战争是“内讧”，战争目的是自卫，战争分为合法和不合法两种，战争中要讲究人道主义等。四、应根据不同情况，分别给予外国人、被释放奴隶以及奴隶类似近代国际法产生以来常用的国民待遇、差别待遇等。五、要适当开展国际贸易，加强对货币、外汇及进出口货物品种的管理，免征关税。 第三部分论述了柏拉图国际法思想对他当世时的古希腊罗马及地中海周围各地的重大影响，对近代西方大思想家托马斯·莫尔、康帕内拉、卢梭等的国际法思想的影响。 第四部分通过阐述孔子等人的丰富的国际法思想，并通过与柏拉图国际法思想之比较，论证了国际法思想的产生没有东西方之分，从而以历史事实批驳了国际法是基督教文明产物的论调。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a law to adjust international affairs and regulate the relationships between states, international law derived from accustomed law as well as else departmental laws at it’ s beginning, and some ancient thinkers early had international law ideas accordingly. Plato had more abundant international law ideas than his Greek predecessors, and there were respective feature contrasted China’ s thinkers before Qin Dynasty. To clarify these questions, this essay is divided into the preface and the main body.In the preface, the author outlines the origins of the science and ideas of the international law and the situation about the study of the international law ideas of Plato.The main body includes four parts.In the first part, the backgrounds of the formation of Plato’ s international law ideas are discussed. On the one hand, it was tightly contacted with the whole history backgrounds of Greece: the great number of Greece city-states formed the initial international society, the wars were so frequent, the overseas markets of were enlarged quickly and trade towards foreign markets grew fast, foreigners entered Greece :.n multitude, Greek extensively communicated with the nations and states around it, and so on. All of them promoted the development of the international laws between Greece city-states. On the other hand, the especial experiences of Plato himself to a great extent influenced his ideas of international law.In the second part of the main body, a variety of Plato’ s ideas of international law are clarified as five subsections as the core of the paper. 1. Equality in sovereignty and no menace from powers should be persisted. 2. Country was just a city-state, which was merely large-size that it could only be a unity, and individual could not be the subject of the international law. Greek should settle outwards. There shouldbe full of diplomatic etiquettes, honors and worships to diplomats between the Greek city-states. The Proxenia shoulc be brought into effect, but aliens should be restricted. 3. The war between Greek was defined as internal conflict, the goal of the war was to self-defend, the sort of the war included legal war and illegal war, and humanism should be put into effect, etc. 4. Certain treatment that was similar to national or discriminate treatment, which only appeared since modern times and often applied to foreigners, should be respectively applied to aliens, freed thralls and slaves according to different situations. 5. Appropriate foreign trade should be developed, management on the quantity of cash, foreign exchange, and the kind of merchandise, which was imported or exported, should be reinforced, and the tariff should be annulled.In the third part, it is clarified that the great influencesof Plato’s international law ideas on the ancient Greece and Roman and somewhere all round the Mediterranean, and the noted western thinkers in modern times such as St. Thomas More and Jean-Jacques Rousseau etc.In the final part, it is pointed out there are not distinct differences between western and eastern international law and ideas of international law, and then the author retorts the view that international law was a result of the development of Christianity Civilization by virtue of history affairs, after the expounding the abundant international law ideas of Confucian and others, and the contrasting with Plato’ s.更多还原