【作者】 洪必纲；

【导师】 肖北庚；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 国际法学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 “人权”是一个永恒的理论话语。自“人权”概念首次提出到18世纪末人权呼声的爆发，人权一直是一种反政治独裁和守旧社会组织的思想上和政治上的斗争武器。经过20世纪两次世界大战的劫难后，人们对人权的价值有了更深刻、更全面的认识。《世界人权宣言》把人权确定为“所有人民和所有国家共同努力实现的目标”。在全球化进程不断加快的21世纪，人权的工具性价值得到了凸现，作为评价手段的人权已引起人们的关注。“以人为本”理念成了对各国政府和各国际组织的一种道德要求和制度要求。 WTO是经济全球化的产物。它涉及贸易、投资、和知识产权保护等广泛领域。它以平等，自由、透明等为基本原则，以保护环境、发展经济、保证充分就业、提高生活水平等为宗旨，充分体现了WTO对人权目标的追求。由于贸易、投资、和知识产权保护等与人权的享有密切相关，因此WTO对人权的影响是巨大的。 人权问题主要地还是一国主权范围内的事情，人权的国内保护仍是人权保护的基础。国家间的睦邻关系和历史联系以及由此建立的相互信任，使区域性人权保障趋势强劲，因此区域性人权机构的发展潜力极大。由于人权主体的普遍性和内容的普遍性，人权保障体制在超越国家界限向区域化层面扩张的同时，也出现了全球化的趋向。联合国在成立之日起就为自己确立了人权的宗旨，并很快开始了构建全球人权保护体制的步伐。WTO作为一个最重要的国际经济组织，与各个国家和地区的经济发展、社会进步和人权享有密切相关，加上它成员众多、有独特的运行机制和准司法性的争端解决机制，使它在人权保障上拥用了国家和其他国际组织所不具有的优势，完善了人权保护的全球性模式。 本文首先论述了人权在21世纪的价值地位，接着论述了人权对经济的依赖性、WTO所涉及的贸易、投资和知识产权保护等与人权的关系，说明了WTO对人权的促进作用。接着文章全面分析了人权保护的现有模式，行对比分析，对区域性人权保护和全球性人权保护两种模式的成败进指出了当前全球性人权保护机制的局限性。在此基础上，文章最阐述了进行了预设。WTO在人权保护上的优势，并对人权保护的全球性构想更多还原

【Abstract】 "Human Rights " is always a focus of theoretical discussion. From the birth of the conception to the outbreak of human rights demand at the end of the 18th century, human rights has been used as an ideological and political weapon of struggle against the political dictatorship and conservative social organizations.After the two disasters brought by the two world wars in the 20th century, people gets a profounder and more comprehensive idea of the value of human rights.《Universal Declaration of Human Rights》 has human rights as the common standard of effort for all the people and all the countries. In the 21st century when the process of globalization is accelerating, the instrumental value of human rights has been recognized. The principle of "taking humans as the standard" has become a kind of moral and institutional obligation for all governments and international organizations.WTO is the result of the economic globalization. It involves all the fields from trade, investment to intellectual property protection. It has as its basic principles equality, freedom and transparency, and has as its purpose "to protect the environment, to develop the economy, to ensure the full employment and to promote the living standard" , which fully embodies the high pursuit of the human rights aims that WTO takes. As trade, investment and property protection all have a close connection with the full enjoyment of human rights, WTO has a great impact on human rights.The issue of human rights is mainly something that belongs to a sovereign state, and its protection within a country is still the base of it. The inter-regional mechanism plays a big role in safeguarding human rights, taking advantage of the neighboring relationship. The United Union took the protection of human rights as one of its aims at its birth, wishing to form a global mechanism, yet not so successful. WTO is a biginternational economic organization. It will play a big role insafeguarding human rights because of its unique functioning mechanism . At the beginning of this article, the value position of human rights in the 21st century is expounded. Next, the article lays much emphasis on the dependence of human rights on the economy, the interactions of human rights with trade, investment and intellectual property that the WTO concerns, and the role of the WTO in promoting the enjoyment of human rights. Then, the author discusses the existing model of human rights protection, gives a comparative analysis of the inter-regional and international models and concludes the limits of the global model of human rights protection. On the basis of the above analysis, the author expounds at last the advantages of the WTO in promoting human rights, and makes an anticipation of the global conception of the human rights protection.更多还原