【作者】 肖利民；

【导师】 蒋洪新；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 尤金·奥尼尔和曹禺是二十世纪上半叶各领美国和中国剧坛风骚的戏剧大师。奥尼尔对中国的老庄哲学有着浓厚兴趣，同时他以现代的戏剧审美观念和戏剧形式吸引了中国剧作家曹禺。奥尼尔的戏剧着力表现人物内心特征和内在冲突，及其对人物命运的制约；而且他擅于把深刻的社会问题寓托在丰富细腻的人物内心冲突中。在奥尼尔的剧作中，曹禺发现了一个表现现代生活的崭新视角，即由人物精神领域解剖现实生活的特殊角度，然而他自己在戏剧写作时，进行了“创造性转变”。《雷雨》就是这种“创造性转变”的产物，它与奥尼尔的著名家庭悲剧《榆树下的欲望》有许多相似之处，也存在诸多不同。一些评论家曾试图从不同的角度分析比较这两部作品，但对剧中戏剧冲突的比较却鲜有人提及。 本文拟从一新的角度比较《榆树下的欲望》和《雷雨》这两部戏剧中社会悲剧性冲突、人物的内心悲剧性冲突，以及剧中体现的决定论思想，从而揭示这两部作品的异同之处。 全文由五部分组成： 引言部分简述了奥尼尔戏剧创作与道家思想的关系、奥尼尔剧作对曹禺及整个中国话剧界的影响；总结了评论界对《榆树下的欲望》和《雷雨》的比较研究状况，指出其成功与不足；并简单介绍了本文的主要内容。 第一章比较了这两部作品中的社会性冲突。《榆树下的欲望》描写了一个深受清教主义思想影响的家庭，各成员在强烈而贪婪的占有欲的驱使下，互相仇视、互相倾轧，甚至父子相残；而《雷雨》则反映了中国半殖民地半封建社会深刻的社会矛盾和斗争。 第二章结合人物性格和戏剧情境，详细分析比较爱碧和周繁漪，伊弗雷姆和周朴园，埃本和周萍这三对主要人物的双重人格和内心冲突。他们的内心都存在两种对立的力量——狄俄尼索斯精神与阿波罗精神，这两种力量都试图控制自己的主人，因此产生深刻冲突。 第三章主要比较了奥尼尔与曹禺的决定论思想，认为在这两部剧作中人们无论怎样挣扎都逃脱不了悲剧的命运，但这种不可避免的厄运决不是天命所定而是人们自身的特点和社会使然。 结论部分对全文作出总结，并指出奥尼尔与曹禺的这两部家庭悲剧所体现的悲剧观念与他们早期不幸的家庭生活密切相关。更多还原

【Abstract】 Eugene O’Neill and Cao Yu are the leading playwrights in America and China respectively in the first half of the 20th century. While O’Neill shows immense interest in Taoism of China, his modern dramatic aesthetics and techniques are appealing to the Chinese dramatist, Cao Yu. In his drama, O’Neill always makes efforts to depict the inner nature and the inner conflicts of characters, which restrict their fates, and he tends to include the social concerns in his nice depiction of inner conflicts. Cao Yu discovers in O’Neill’s plays a new perspective to reflect modern life, that is, O’Neill likes to dissect realities in the spiritual world. However, while writing his plays, Cao Yu makes a "creative transformation". And Thunderstorm is the outcome of this "creative transformation". Therefore, Thunderstorm and Desire Under the Elms not only have much in common but also differ from each other in some aspects. Though many literary critical schools have tried their theories on the comparison between these two plays, the comparison of tragic conflicts is little mentioned.This thesis attempts to compare Desire Under the Elms and Thunderstorm from a new perspective to reveal their differences and similarities by focusing on the social tragic conflicts, the inner tragic conflicts of the characters, and the deterministic philosophy embodied in the plays.This thesis consists of five parts:The introduction offers (1) a brief survey of the relation between O’Neill’s drama and Taoism, and O’Neill’s influence on Cao Yu and all the Chinese dramatic circles; (2) a literary review of the studies done so far; (3) a brief introduction to this thesis.Chapter One compares the social conflicts represented in these two plays. While Desire Under the Elms represents the members in a Puritanical family driven hostile to each other by their strong desires for material possession, Thunderstorm reflects the serious social conflicts in China as a semi-feudal and semi-colonial country.Chapter Two gives a detailed analytical comparison of the dual personalitiesand the inner conflicts of these three pairs of the key characters - Abbie Putnam vs Zhou Fanyi, Ephraim Cabot vs Zhou Puyuan, and Eben Cabot vs Zhou Ping, associated with their personalities and the specific dramatic situations. In their inner world there exist two opposing forces, the Dionysian spirit and the Apollonian spirit, both of which strive for domination, thus resulting in various inner conflicts.Chapter Three explores the differences and similarities of the deterministic philosophy held by O’Neill and Cao Yu. In these two plays, no matter how hard they have struggled, the characters cannot avoid their tragic end, which is determined by their own personalities and the social environments instead of the Fates.The concluding part summarizes this thesis, and emphasizes that the tragic sense O’Neill and Cao Yu reflect in these two family dramas is closely related with the unhappy family life in their early years.更多还原