【作者】 刘霞；

【导师】 刘明；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 国民经济学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 西部经济发展已经成为我国经济学界关注的焦点问题。随着金融在经济运行中的作用日益凸现，从金融视角思考区域经济发展问题就势将成为必然。资金是现代金融的核心要素，在很大程度上决定着一国内部不同地区的经济发展并进而影响宏观经济的总体运行。1999年中央实施西部大开发战略以来，国家对西部的支持力度不断加强，在一定程度上缓解了西部资金短缺的局面，但并没有从根本上解除西部地区经济发展的资金瓶颈，东西部差距不但没有缩小，反而呈现出进一步扩大的趋势。不过，西部经济发展既存在资金总量不足问题，也存在资金低效率配置问题。实践证明，仅仅强调资金总量而忽视资金配置效率问题，容易造成资金浪费和加剧资金短缺，相反，提高资金配置效率却能够节约有限资金，相对增加资金总量，是解除西部经济发展中资金瓶颈的根本途径。鉴于此，本文运用历史和逻辑相统一、规范和实证相结合的分析方法，借鉴国内外已有研究成果，对西部地区资金配置效率状况进行考察，从金融深化、投融资体制、产业结构、所有制结构以及经济金融政策等方面考察西部资金配置效率的现状，探索其内在形成机理，并与之联系寻求提高西部地区资金配置效率的路径。 本文除引言和结语外共分四部分展开论述： 第一部分，对相关理论的评述和对区域经济发展现状的定量化描述。区位理论、区域均衡增长理论及区域非均衡增长理论对资源空间配置和区域经济增长均作了较为系统的研究，奠定了区域经济研究的理论基础，但传统和一般的区域经济理论没有充分考虑金融在经济运行中的作用。戈德史密斯、麦金农和肖等经济学家以发展中国家为研究对象，对金融发展和经济增长的关系作了深入研究，形成了经典金融发展理论，为从金融视角分析西部经济发展提供了理论支持。国内学者对西部金融的研究，更多地关注结构、制度、市场化程度和开放度等因素，往往忽视各种因素对西部经济发展的内在作用机制——即资金配置的作用，研究资金配置效率正是抓住了各种因素相互作用的中枢环节。文中对区域经济发展现状的定量描述主要从GDP增长率、人均GDP、人均可支配收入和工业化进程四个方面展开，旨在说明西部与东部和全国的经济差距。 第二部分，对西部地区资金配置效率的实证分析与总体判断。银行和资本市场是社会资金由盈余方转移到亏绌方的两种主要渠道。银行中介资金配置效率主要以银行信贷资金效益、资产质量和盈利能力衡量；资本市场资金配置效率从证券经营机构及上市公司两大主体的经营状况加以分析，证券机构所提供的产品和金融服务对社会需求的满足程度和方便程度、金融创新的能力，上市公司在证券市场上的筹资状况和盈利状况从不同侧面反映了资本市场的资金配置效率。企业部门资金利用状况是测度资金配置效率最根本的方面。衡量企业资金配置效率的指标有成本费用利润率、总资产贡献率和流动资金周转次数。通过西部与东部，西部与全国的横向比较分析可以得出结论:西部地区经济发展的资金约束是银行部门、资本市场资金分配效率不高和企业部门资金利用效率偏低共同作用下的资金配置效率低，进而诱致资金由西部流向东部，加剧资金短缺，阻碍经济发展。 第三部分，从经济和金融两个层面剖析西部资金配置效率状况的内在生成机制。西部地区资金配置效率低既有实体经济方面的原因，也有金融层面的制约。从金融方面探讨，金融发展滞后，金融抑制严重，金融和产业部门之间的互动关系不是促进而是相互促退，资金配置的良好金融环境缺失:投融资体制不完善，融资渠道单一，市场化程度低，使资金优化配置缺乏良好的金融机制保障。从经济层面分析，产业结构和所有制结构是资金合理配置的前提条件。低层次的产业结构一方面不能为信贷资金提供合理投向和资金高效运用主体，另一方面无法与资金配置形成良性互动，反而阻碍资金流向边际效益高的项目。所有制僵化不适应生产力发展水平，产业部门所有制和金融业所有制的同一性导致资金出现逆配置，将资金锁定在低效国有企业部门，是西部资金配置效率低的关键因素。政府非均衡的区域发展政策的实施效果是影响西部资金配置效率的一个不容忽略的间接因素。 第四部分，基于上述分析对西部地区存在的问题提出相应的对策、建议。提高西部地区资金配置效率要采取某种策略集合，任何单方面措施都难以毕其功于一役，必须从金融深化、产业结构调整、所有制改革、投融资体制等方面多管齐下，这必然关系到经济、金融的方方面面，是一项系统工程和长期而艰巨的任务。但坚持以提高资金配置效率促进西部地区经济发展无疑是一个正确的路径选择，兼具经济理论意义和实践上的紧迫性与可行性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The western development has always been the focus that economists have paid close attention to. With the finance playing more important role in the economic operation, it is inevitable to study the regional development of economy from the view of finance. As the key element of finance, funds to a great extent determine the economic development in a region and the macro-economy operation. Since the western development strategy has been implemented, the situation of funds in short has been alleviated to some extent, but the fundamental fund bottleneck has not been removed with the spatial difference in economic development expanding. It is proved that to emphasize the total amount of the fund too much and ignore the funds disposition can only result in fund waste and fund lack. On the contrary, improving funds efficiency is the essential way to promote the western economy development. In view of this, this paper has analysed the state of funds efficiency in the west on the basis of research results both at home and abroad. Then this paper has probed the inherent causes of the situation of funds efficiency from five aspects: the finance development, investment and financing system, industrial structure, ownership composition and state policies. The analytic methods including normative analysis combined with empirical analysis, historical analysis and logical analysis are through the paper.This main body of this paper is composed of four parts except the foreword and concluding remarksFirst part has commented on the relevant theories including regional economy theory and regional finance theory. The regional economy theory has studied the problems about resources allocation in different areas and regional economic growth, but the regional economy theory has not considered the influence of finance in the course of the economy operation. The financial development theory at abroad, the regional finance theory at home and the research results on the western finance have composed the regional finance theory system. The research on efficiency of funds disposition at home and abroad is not enough. The current situation of regional economy is also elaborated in this part. The differences in GDP increasing rate, per capita GDP, per capita disposable income and industrialized course have proved that the disparity among different regions is expanding.Second part has analysed the state of funds allocation in the west and has made a general judgment about it. Bank intermediary and capital market are the main channels that make fund transferred from the suppliers of funds to the demanders of funds. Enterprises are the principal subject that utilize funds. This part has compared and anlysed the bank efficiency, capital efficiency and enterprise efficiency, then has drawn the conclusion: It is the low efficiency of disposition of funds, that is ,the low bank’s and capital market’s efficiency of funds allocation and the low enterprise’s efficiency of funds utilization, that hinders the western development of economy.Third part has interpreted the intrinsic mechanism of the low efficiency of fund disposition in the west from the point of economy and finance. As to the finance aspect, on the one hand financial development lags behind so that the good financial environment is lacked. On the other hand, the impeferct investment and financing system can’t give the high-efficient disposition of funds financial institution guarantee. As far as the economy aspect is concerned, industrial structure and ownership composition are the preconditions that funds are allocated rationally. State policies have different effect on different areas, thus become an indirect factor influencing efficiency of funds disposition.Fourth part has concentrated on putting forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions in order to improve the efficiency of allocation of funds in the west. To improve the funds efficiency must apply all kinds of tactics that are integrated. This paper has given some specific remedies concerning every aspect of economy更多还原