【作者】 张红军；

【导师】 王应宗；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 光学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 全息技术(holography)是上世纪最重要的物理发明之一，它的原理是由英国科学家Gabor于1948年最早提出的。盖伯为提高电子显微镜的分辨率，提出了一种同时记录物体光波振幅和相位的方法，并用实验证实了这一想法。他用汞灯作为光源，采用同轴全息图的记录方式，制成了第一张全息图。1960年激光器的出现，使全息术得到了很快的发展，也使全息术的应用范围大大扩展，现在全息技术已经应用到工程、医学、艺术、包装、印刷等领域。 随着科学技术与生产的发展，对机械设备的工作性能及工作强度要求日趋苛刻。自动化程度与生产效率的提高，伴随着设备的结构也越来越复杂，设备中各环节的关联也越来越紧密。为了保证设备的安全运行，对机械和机构的故障进行早期的诊断极为重要。而对机械设备进行振动实验，通过测量设备振动的各项参数，与正常值对比，可以检测该设备是否存在故障，查出故障所在，进而消除安全隐患。因此振动测量是故障诊断的一种重要手段。同时振动测量对改进机械设备的设计，检验产品的合格率等领域也有重要价值。 复杂温度场存在于工业中多种用于燃烧或加热的设备中。如电力工业中的锅炉，冶金工业终端加热炉，均热炉及热处理炉等。在这些设备的操作中，温度分布即温度场(而不是点温度)是确定设备状态的重要参数。深入研究即全面描述设备内热量及能量传递过程，研究设备内被加热工件内部温度场随外界温度场变化的规律，提高燃料的燃烧率及炉子的生产效率，提高产品质量，节约能源，炉子热工过程的模化及炉子结构设计的优化，寻求最佳热制度及最优控制策略，降低金属烧损率以及减少环境污染等方面，都需要温度场分布的信息。温度场测量在工业生产中作用巨大，研究温度场的测量具有重要的意义。 振动测量和温度场测量的方法很多，但其中以光学的方法最多，应用全息技术测量振动和温度场的分布，具有非接触、全场、精确度高等优点。本文主要针对全息术在测量散射体振动和温度场中，由于物体对光是漫反射，物光太弱，影响对比度和分辨率，提出用像面记录的方法改善干涉条纹对比度。同时将时间平均法和像面记录方式结合起来提出像面全息时间平均法，将二次曝光法和像面记录方式结合起来提出像面全息二次曝光法。利用这两种方法可以得到清晰的干涉条纹，在白光下再现为清晰的彩色条纹。 本论文所做的工作主要有四部分：第一部分详尽地叙述了振动测量和温度场 测量研究的发展现状，阐述了本论文的缺究目的。第二部分详细的介绍了像面全息J， 原理以及全息干涉计量方法:单次曝光法、二次曝光法、时间平均法，分析了它们 各自的优点。第三部分提出像面全息时间平均法并将该方法用于振动膜面的研究， 分别对轴对称膜振动、非轴对称膜振动和有裂纹膜面振动进行了分析。第四部分 提出了像面全息二次曝光法并将该方法用于温度场的研究，分别对轴对称温度场、 非轴对称温度场进行了分析。 实验结果表明:用本文所提出的方法进行振动和温度场测量，得到的干涉条纹 清晰、对比度高、分辨率好，且可以在白光下再现，使用方便，结果可靠，准确度高， 是切实可行的。尤其是像面全息时间平均法的提出可以使全息术在无损检测中有 更好的发展前景。但是，本文对膜面裂纹的研究没有深入下去，只是定性说明了如 何利用裂纹的干涉图样确定裂纹的大致位置。对裂纹的准确定位将是我们需要进 一步研究的内容，对温度场干涉条纹的定量分析工作也需更深入的研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 Holography was one of the most important physical inventions in the last century. The British scientist Dennis Gabor brought the principle of holography firstly in 1948.Gabor put forward a method that can record both amplitude and phase ofthe original wave simultaneously and proved it in experiments. He invented the first holograph adopting in-line recording system. Since 1960 the appearance of laser madeholography develop rapidly. And the applied range of holography have been extended. Now holography have been applied in engineering, medicine, article, packaging, printing and so many fields.With the development of the science technology and the production, it is critic to the work capability of the machine equipment and the work intensity. With the improvement of the automatization extent and the production efficiency it is more complex to the structure of the machine equipment. The conjunction of the joints of the equipment is tighter than ever. In order to ensure the safe running of the machine it is important to diagnose early the malfunction of the equipment. Moreover with the vibration experiment we can detect the vibration parameters of the machine and contrast it to the normal values, we can detect whether and where the trouble lies. At last we can take measure to the troubles to avoid dangers. Therefore vibration measurement is an important means to the malfunction diagnose. Furthermore it is important to improve design machine equipment and checkout eligibility of products.Complex temperature field lies in many kinds of burning or heating equipments in industry such as boilers in electric power industry, end heaters in metallurgy industry, average heaters and heat processors. In these equipments temperature distribution named temperament field (not point temperature) is important parameters of equipment state. It needs temperament field distribution information to improve production efficiency and the products quality, to save energy and minish environment pollution and to improve design of the camp stove. So temperature field measure is important to the industry production. The research of temperature field measure is more important.There are many methods of vibration measure and temperature field measure, butthe optical methods are most of these. Measuring vibration and temperature field using holography have full-field, non-contact, high precision and so many advantages. In measuring scatter object vibration and temperature filed using holography the object light which is diffuse reflected is so weak that the contrast and resolving power of fringes are affected. So we put forward image plane hologram time -average method. It is integrated the image plane record means and time -average method to improve the contrast of interference fringes. In temperature filed measure we put forward image plane hologram twice exposure method. It is integrated the image plane record means and the twice exposure method to improve the contrast of interference fringes. We can obtain clear interference fringes and the color fringes in white light using the two methods.The work of this thesis has four parts: in the first part, we will describe completely the research state of vibration measure and temperature field measure and set forth the purpose of this thesis. In the second part, we will introduce the principle of the image hologram and hologram measure methods: once exposure method, twice exposure method and time-average method. The advantages of them will be analyzed. In the third parts we put forward image plane hologram time-average method and apply the method in the research of the film vibration. We analyze the film vibrations of axis symmetry, non-axis symmetry and cracked state. In the last part, we put forward image hologram twice exposure method and apply it in the research of temperature field measure. The axis symmetry and non-axis symmetry temperature filed will be analyzed.The results indicate: Using the methods put forward in this thesis we can obtainclear high contras更多还原