【作者】 唐文帮；

【导师】 陈立云；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 种植， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 8015S育性受光温双重因子控制，具有制种安全、繁殖容易的特点，其应用前景看好。本研究对8015S的主要生长特征特性、育性转换特点、异交习性、繁殖要求、配合力等进行深入的研究和探讨。主要结论如下： 1 8015S株高85cm，播始历期97～62天，株型紧凑，一生叶片直立，剑叶长40～50cm左右，宽1.8 cm，叶片具有“长、直、窄、凹、厚”的特点，夹角小于15°。叶色嫩绿，叶鞘、叶耳、稃尖均紫色。茎杆粗壮，茎基部节间短。一般分蘖15～16个，成穗12～13个，平均每穗颖花数185个左右，颖壳淡绿色，有短芒。谷长10.0mm，长宽比3.2，谷粒饱满，千粒重24.5克。 2 起点温度比培矮64S低，具有双重因子控制育性转换。2002～2003年在长沙自然条件下没有可育期；在湖南师范大学育性鉴定试验中，用22.0℃冷水在长日照条件下处理9天，8015S可育花粉率为3.5％，套袋结实率均为0；22.0℃的处理15天，8015S可育花粉率为82.3％，套袋结实率为59.6％。因此，8015S在长沙地区制种比较安全。 3 8015S与4个测验种的杂种一代平均结实率为81.0％，广亲和性为良级。 4 8015S花时早，并有明显的开花高峰；张颖角度为32°，69.2％的颖花张颖历期在180min以内；柱头长、宽、面积、体积分别为1.254mm、0.455mm、0.571mm~2和0.168mm~3；柱头外露率90.5％，其中双边外露率为62.0％；见穗5％左右每亩喷施“九二0”15克可以解除包颈。 5 8015S见花期、盛花期分别较见穗期、盛穗期迟2～3d，适宜于采用三系法杂交水稻“一期父本”制种技术，但父本一般表现见穗至盛穗历期较短，且盛花期更为集中，故将8015S见穗期安排较父本早2～3d，更有利于父母本盛花期吻合。 6 在R288所配6个不同母本的组合中，主要性状的对照优势分析：有效穗、总粒数最大的是8015S／288，分别为4.94％和15.36％；8015S／288的产量对照优势为15.31％，达到了极显著水平；在8015S所配组合主要性状的对照优势分析中，产量的平均对照优势分别为1.37％、11.35％，最大值为33.33％。 7 8015S所配组合主要性状相关分析表明：单位面积上有效穗、每穗实粒数、结实率、千粒重与产量呈正相关，且与千粒重达到了显著水平;而每穗总粒数与产量表现出较小的负相关关系;有效穗与株高呈显著负相关关系;结实率与穗长呈显著正相关。 8长沙秋季9月1日至9月8日自然短光加以间歇冷水串灌(进水口温度为19.2’C，出水口温度为21.5℃)，其花粉可育度和套袋结实率的均值分别是79.9%、60.5%;人工创造温、光条件繁殖80155不育系以巧天左右为宜;海南冬季的温、光条件有利于80155的繁殖，在海南陵水繁殖，把敏感期安排在2月份，再利用3月份晴朗天气抽穗扬花，可获得繁殖高产。更多还原

【Abstract】 8015s, a new sterile line of its fertility controlled by both day-length and temperature factors, has the characteristic of producing hybrid seed safely and multiplying itself easily, thus it has a well applying prospects. Its growth characteristic, fertility alteration, outcrossing habits, multiplication, and combining ability were systematically studied and discussed in this dissertation. The main results are as follows.1. 8015S had some good agronomic traits with dwarf plant height of 85cm, compact plant type, erect and peak green leaves of its life, upper 3 leaves with the long, erect, narrow, V-shape and thick characteristic, thickset culms, short internodes of bottom stem, strong tillering ability and big panicle of about 185 spikelets.2. Fertility initial temperature of 8015s was low in comparison to that of Peiai64s, and fertility alteration was co-controlled by dual factors. There was not the fertile period under the natural condition in Changsha in 2002 and 2003.After 8015s was treated with cold water of 22.0℃ for continuous 9 or 15 days respectively in Hunan Normal University, the results showed corresponding stainable pollen rate was 3.5% and 82.3%, and corresponding bagged seed setting rate was 0 and 59.6%. Obviously, it was rather safe to produce hybrid seed in Changsha.3. The average seed setting rate of being test-crossed with 4 testers was 81.0%, and the result showed that its wide compatibility was good.4. 8015s had good outcrossing habits. Its flowering habit was of early flowering time, obviously peak anthesis, spikelet opening angle of 32? , and spikelet opening time of about 180 mins. Length, width, area and bulk of stigma were 1.25mm, 0.46mm, 0.57mm2 and 0.168mm3 respectively, and the stigma exserting rate, single exserting rate and double exserting rate were 90.5%, 28.5% and 62.0% respectively. In addition, spraying "920" of 200g/hm2 could remove the "wrapping neck" phenomenon during heading rate of about 5 %.5. Initial flowering and blooming flowering time were corresponding late of 2 or 3days in comparison to initial heading and flourishing heading time, so it was feasible to adopt the seed production technique of "one period male parent". However, generally, the period from initial heading to heading time of male parent was shorter, and flowering time was more concentrated. Thus it was advantageous of meeting with the blooming flowering time of parents if the initial heading period of 8015s was early 2 or 3 days in comparison to that of male parent.6. Among these combinations combined with R288 and 6 different female parents, their analytical results of control superiority of main traits showed that 8015s/288 was with the biggest control superiority of panicle number per plant and total grain number per panicle, which were 4.94% and 15.36% respectively, and that the yield control superiority of 8015s/288 was 15.31 %, reaching the extremely significant level.7. The correlation analysis of main traits of these combinations, combined with 8015s, showed that yield was positive relation to panicle number per plant, grain number per panicle, seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight, and this kind correlation with 1000-grain weight reached significant level, and that plant height was significantly negative correlation with panicle number per plant, and it was significant correlation between seed setting rate and panicle length.8. 8015s pollen fertile percentage and bagged seed setting rate was respectively 79.9% and 60.5%, after it was running-irrigated with cold water ( its input-water temperature of 19.2 C, and outlet-water temperature of 21.5 C ), under natural short day-length condition from 1 st to 8th September in Changsha. It was feasible to treat with artificially creating photo-thermo-condition for 15 days in order to multiply 8015s, and was advantageous to multiply 8015s under the Hainan’s climate condition if the fertility sensitive period was arranged in February and the heading and flowering was in warm March, the high-yield of multiplying itself更多还原