中法实业银行始末述论

【作者】 张百霞；

【导师】 戴建兵；

【作者基本信息】 河北师范大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 中法实业银行是民国肇建以来首家中外合办银行，由中法双方共同筹组。该行按照法国的公司法在法国办理注册，并报经北洋政府特许。该行成立后广泛开展业务，除经营一般银行业务外，还经理政府借款，发行纸币。该行在最初几年经营颇为顺利，成绩甚佳。为了更广泛的开展业务，该行曾两次进行增资。到1921年各地分行已达20多处，构成了一个庞大的金融网络。 然而到了1920年该行的发展却出现了危机。一战之后，法国经济陷入困境，法郎贬值，巴黎总行因经营管理不善、营私舞弊、投机失败及放款倒账等原因损失甚巨，危机迫在眉睫。为了挽救该行，中法实业银行负责人利用政治权力和经济关系，极积寻求支持。法国政府为维护本国在远东的利益，也积极与中国政府协商维持办法，但这些都未能改变该行停闭的恶运。该行宣布暂行停业后，在中国市面流通的纸币形同废纸，各埠金融顿起恐慌，由于北京、上海、天津和汉口银行公会等合力垫款代兑，才避免了一场即将发生的金融危机。 一战之后法国法郎有了金、纸区别，法国为减少法郎贬值所造成的损失及筹措整理中法实业银行复业所需的资金，便假借退还庚子赔款“兴办教育”的名义，硬性要求中国用几倍于纸法郎的硬金法郎计算庚子赔款，金法郎案由此发生。金法郎案与中法实业银行复业本属不相关的两件事，但由于法国的诡诈、推诿和北京政府的昏庸、软弱，在交涉过程中却牵合为一，致使中法实业银行复业案成了法国交易金法郎案的一个筹码，同时也使该行的复业带上了浓重的政治色彩。该行的停业清理经过四年多的曲折交涉，最终以中国的妥协退让而收束。 中法实业银行的停业给中国商民造成了极大的损失，中国债权人为维护自己的合法权益进行了有组织的斗争。但由于民初政局纷扰，国家衰弱，北洋政府面对法国的宰割，不仅丝毫未能维护中国债权人的利益，而且为此付出了沉重的代价。而中法实业银行却在法国政府的支持下，利用本国和国际政治影响及不平等条约，得以延续。由此可见，国家不独立，法制不健全，任何形式的中外合资组织成功也好，失败也罢，都不可能真正为中国所用。它只能是官商勾结、图谋私利、出让国利的理想巢穴，是帝国主义掠夺中国的一个得利工具。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Banque Industrielle de Chine,which was registered in France according to French company law and was given special permission by Chinese government, was the first joint bank since the new Republic of China founding. Chinese government showed great interest in the joint bank in order to input capital. Accordingly, The Banque Industrielle de Chine undoubtedly played a role of loding agency, but the Chinese government lost the bank’ s management power and permited the banknote issue. The bank brought giant economic profits to the French capital group, meanwhile it became a base of aggressing China. Afterfounding the bank operated various businesses , including government loans and banknote issue besides its usual businesses. In the first years, the bank’ s profits were good. To gain further development, the bank ever increased capitalization twice. By 1921, it had more than twenties branches, which had formed an enomous finance net .Then, the bank met with crisis . After the First World War, French economy fell into trouble, the price of franc devalued , the general bank’ s loss in Paris was very huge because of the bad management, practice graft and the fail of speculation .The crisis was extremely urgent. In order to save the bank, its managers took sdvantage of its political power and economic relation to search for supports. To safeguard French’ s economic prestige in the Far East, the French government consulted actively with the Chinese government, but all these did nothing much to end the bad luck of the bank. After the Banque Industrielle de Chine closed, the Banque’s notes in China become inconvertible and were almost waste paper , and brought an alarm to the public as a whole. But a coming financial crisis was avoided by redemption of Chinese Bankers’ s Association at Beking, Shanghai , Tientsin and Hankow.After the First World War, French’s franc had differece prices between gold currency and paper currency. To decrease the loss brought by devalued franc and raised money to restorate the Banque Industrielle de Chine, French forced Chinese government to calculate The Reparation of 1900 in gold franc in the name of returning it to support education, so "gold franc issue" happened. In the fact, "gold franc issue" had nothing to do with the restoration of the bank , but because of franee’ s shifting responsibilityand the Peking government’s weakness, the two things were mingled together. The agreement of the restoration of the Banque Industrielle de Chine was a chip in "gold franc issue" trade, which brought political issue to the restoration of the bank. The bank’ s closed situation and restoration of tortous negotiation , which had lasted for over four years , ended in Beking government’ s compromise.The bank’close was a great damage to the Banque’s creditors in China. Chinese creditors stuggled to safeguard their own lawful interest in group. However, for the disordered political situation and government’ s weakness, Beijing government’ s not only didn’ t safeguard native creditor’ s interest, but also pay enomous cost, while the Banque Industrielle de Chine lengthened its life supported by French government, which took advantage of its own international influence and the unfair treaty. It proves that any cooperation business form can’t be utilized really by China without national independence and sound law no matter it is successful or not. So it was only a nest of officers and businessmen’ s colluding and ploting selflish interest and a tool of imperialists robbing China.更多还原