【作者】 李凤岚；

【导师】 赵建成；

【作者基本信息】 河北师范大学 ， 植物学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究主要是基于2001年9月至2003年8月间在滦河上游自然保护区进行植物区系与植被的科学考察时，本文作者对所采集的4000余号种子植物标本进行整理、鉴定、研究的总结。根据实际调查结果统计可知，滦河上游自然保护区共有野生种子植物90科、372属、797种(含种下分类单位)。其中裸子植物3科、6属、11种；被子植物87科、366属、786种，(双子叶植物76科、295属、657种，单子叶植物11科、71属、129种)。其中有2种为河北省种子植物新记录，即中间锦鸡儿(Caragana intermedia Kuang et H．C．Fu)、朝鲜白头翁(Pulsatilla cernua(Thunb.)Bercht．et Opiz．)。保护区种子植物区系的90科中，含22种以上的优势科有15科，共有227属，525种，占该区总科数的16.7％，总属数的61.0％，总种数的65.9％。种数(包括种下等级)超过10种以上的优势属有6属、92种；优势属数占该区总属数的1.6％，所含种数占保护区总种数的11.5％。本区系种子植物中的单属科仅4科，占保护区总科数的4.4％。在本区域中仅有一属的科即区域单属科较多，总计43科，占区域总科数的47.7％，在一定程度上反映了保护区植物区系的复杂性。单种属13属，占保护区总属数的3.5％，寡种属23属，占保护区总属数的6.2％，反映了保护区植物区系在起源上有其古老性的一面。根据Drude等人以植物的形态、外貌和生活方式为基础的生活型分类方法，将保护区内的种子植物划分为乔木、灌木、藤本、多年生草本、二年生草本、一年生草本等生活型。保护区种子植物中草本植物占绝对优势，共计632种，占该区总种数的79.3％，木本植物较少，计149种，占该区总种数的18.7％，藤本植物仅16种，占该区总种数的2.0％。结果表现出明显的北温带植被的特点。 根据吴征镒教授(1991，2003)对中国种子植物属分布区类型的划分观点，将保护区种子植物372属划分为15个分布区类型。其中，北温带成分154属、419种，占保护区总属数的48.1％，总种数的64.8％，居保护区15个分布区类型中的首位。热带成分共有47属、64种，占保护区总属数的12.6％，总种数的8.0％。统计结果表明，保护区植物区系体现了显著的北温带性质。一定数量的热带性质类群的存在表明了该区系在起源上具有一定的热带色彩。 根据R／T值(热带性质属与温带性质属的比例)的大小排列，对滦河上游自然保护区与其他10个地区的植物区系进行比较。结果显示：随纬度的升高，R／T值呈下降趋势，即热带性质降低，温带性质加强，表现出明显的纬向地带性规律。通过对11个地区间的共有属及其相似性系数的统计，并以植物区系谱为依据，利用主成分分析(PCA)法，对这些地区之间的相似性进行了定量分析，结果显示滦河上游与小五台山在区系组成上相似性最高，而与甘肃敦煌自然保护区的相似性最低。同时，植物区系的纬向变化特征也得到了很好的体现。 保护区内的资源植物可分为原料性资源植物和非原料性资源植物两大类。共有原料性资源植物713种(按用途累计)，分为十三大类：野生纤维植物58种，野生淀粉及糖类植物53种，野生油脂植物62种，野果植物38种，野菜植物70种，野生保健饮料食品植物18种，野生药用植物100种，野生农药植物75种，野生芳香油植物50种，野生鞣料植物63种，野生树脂、树胶植物6种，野生蜜源植物41种，野生饲料植物79种。此外，保护区还有大量的非原料性资源植物，包括野生花卉植物、改良土壤植物和种质资源植物等。 结合保护区种子植物的地理分布、生态环境、种群数量以及资源利用的实际情况，采取定性和定量结合的标准原则，将保护区的珍稀濒危保护植物初步划分为三个保护等级。保护区有一级保护植物5种，二级保护植物5种，三级保护植物11种。其中列入国家三级保护植物的有5种，分别是：胡桃楸(Juglans mandshurica)、蒙古黄芪(Astragalus membranaceus var．mongolicus)、野大豆(Glycine soja)、黄檗(Phellodendron amurense)、刺五加(Acanthopanax senticosus)。 本文附有滦河上游自然保护区种子植物名录、其他重要资源植物及参考文献140篇。文内有图5张、表12个、图版1个。更多还原

【Abstract】 From September 2001 to August 2003, some investigations were given to the Luanheshangyou Nature Reserve and 4000 numbers seed plants or so were collected. These conclusions are drawn from the comprehensive investigation and analysis about the flora. 797 species (including subspecies taxa) belonging to 372 genera and 90 families are known in this region. The result is based on the data to hand and abundant first-hand field observations. The flora includes 11 species of gymnosperm belonging to 6 genera and 3 families, as well as 786 species of angiosperm belonging to 366 genera and 87 families (657 species of dicotyledon and 129 species of monocotyledon). 2 species, Caragana intermedia Kuang et H. C. Fu and Pulsatilla cernua (Thunb.) Bercht. et Opiz., as new records to Hebei Province are discovered during the research. 15 dominant families consist of 525 species and 227 genera, with over 22 species in each one. These figures represent about 16.7%, 61.0% and 65.9% of the corresponding statistics for the local seed plant flora. 6 dominant genera with over 10 species in each one take 1.6% of the total local genera and 11.5% of the total local species. 4 monogenus families share 4.4% of the regional total families. Local monogenus families are abundant. In all 43 ones are found there. That reflects the comlexity of the flora. 13 monotypic genera take 3.5% and 23 oligospecies genera take 6.2% of the local total genera. This is the archaic trait of the regional flora’s origin.According to the approach about the division of life form by Drude, the style of seed plants in the region can be devided into tree, shrub, vine, etesiae, biennial plant and annual plant, etc. There are 632 species of herbaceous plant in the flora. The number is prominent. That is the distinctive charater of vegetations in the north temperate region.On the base of the opinion of Professor Wu Zheng-Yi (1991) about the areal-types of genera of China seed plants, the 372 genera in the region fall into 15 types. 47 (12.6%) of the 372 indigenous genera (with a worldwide distribution excluded) are of tropical occurrence (2-7) in their distribution. 154 genera including 419 species belong to North temperate, sharing 48.1% of regional total genera. The type takes the first position in the 15 ones. This appears to reflect distinctive temperate trait of the flora. The existence of some tropic types shows the tropic origin of this flora in a way.According to the ordination of R/T (tropic genera / temperate genera), the ratio of R/T takes on a descendant trend, as the increasing of latitude to the data of 11 areas and an apparent rule on latitude zonation of floristic variation was expressed. The similar result was obtained through the caculation of shared genera and generic similarity index between these 11 floras. Quantitative analysis on the floristic spectrum by PCA was used in the paper. The results show that the Luanheshangyou Nature Reserve is closest to the Xiaowutaishan Nature Reserve but farthest to the Dunhuang Nature Reserve in generic composition.The Luanheshangyou Nature Reserve is a favorable location for resource plants. According to their utilization, resource plants may be grouped into 2 categories: those used as raw materials and those used as non raw materials. Based on the investigation, the Luanheshangyou Nature Reserve has 713 species of resource plants (these are derived from the sum of the numbers of plants appearing in individual lists ) which are devided into 13 categories. There are 58 species of fiber plants, 53 species of starch and sugar plants, 62 species for oil, 38 species for fruit, 70 species for vegetable, 18 species for beverage, 100 species as medicinal plants, 75 species for agricultural medicine, 50 species for fragrance, 63 species for tannin, 6 species for resin and rubber, 41 species as honey resource, 79 species for fodder. In addition, a large number of non raw material resource plants inhabit the region, including soil-improving plants and those for germ plasm or floriculture, etc.According to the distribution,更多还原