农用地资源价值核算与可持续利用

【作者】 任向宁；

【导师】 马仁会；

【作者基本信息】 河北师范大学 ， 自然地理学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本文是在农用地分等定级估价工作的基础上，对其成果进行的一项应用研究。通过综合运用多种研究方法，并以河北省正定县为案例，比较了完全生产价格法与边际机会成本法在农用地资源价值核算中的应用问题；构建了农用地资源价值核算体系；核算统计了农用地资源实物存量、流量和价值量；计算了农用地资源的损益状况；探索了农用地分等定级估价成果在资源价值核算方面应用的可行性。试提出了农用地资源可持续利用的经济管理模式。 一、本文比较了完全生产价格法与边际机会成本法在农用地资源价值核算中的应用。 完全生产价格法与边际机会成本法都是农用地资源价值核算的理论依据。完全生产价格法在农用地生产投入资本化的过程中，考虑到区位、经济等社会经济因素的影响，从区位、供给需求等角度对农用地价格进行了修正。但是完全生产价格法计算的结果不能体现出农用地完整的价值本质，只是在现有政策体制下农用地生产收益资本化的一种具体形式。而边际机会成本法从边际生产成本、边际使用者成本和边际外部成本三个方面进行核算，能够较全面地体现出农用地在不完全市场条件下的价值。 二、完成了以因素法定级为基础的农用地质量评价。 采用图斑法划分农用地评价单元，经特尔菲法确定农用地质量影响因素体系。运用地理信息系统软件将各影响因素的影响度按照不同的方法，通过空间分析分别进行量化，编制成影响因素分值图。采用叠加方式，将因素分值赋在评价单元上。加权求和计算出单元定级指数，依定级指数高低划分土地质量级别。 三、在质量评价的基础上，通过行政辖区和分质量级别核算统计了农用地资源实物存量、流量和价值量。 由于政治历史原因，农用地价值量计算无法直接利用市场交易价格资料，需通过作物种植纯收益作为基础资料，依据边际机会成本法进行间接核算。农用地边际生产成本(MPC)以耕地开发费用为基础进行核算；边际使用者成本(MUC)根据霍特林法则，利用作物种植年纯收益样本测算相应时期的评价单元单位农用地MUC(由于作物种植收益未能体现其区位差异，利用农用地出租承包收益的区位差异，根据皮尔逊公式确定与农用地价格相关性最强的影响因素，并对测算的样本MUC进行影响因素修正；然后利用回归分析，建立样本MUC与县域内所有农用地评估单元的数学模型，插值出各评估单元的单位MUC)，进而乘以土地面积计算出评估单元MUC；边际外部成本(MEC)即农用地承担的农民社会保障，本文采用保险农用地资源价值核算与可持续利用费率法通过调查数据进行核算;边际机会成本(MOC)等于边际生产成本、边际使用者成本和边际外部成本之和。应用成本逆推法从城镇基准地价导出建设用地生地地价与核算出的农用地资源价格进行衔接验算，结果说明农用地资源价格核算与实际基本相符。 四、计算了农用地资源的损益状况 根据农用地资源价值核算成果对农用地在实际尺度上的损益情况进行了评价。正定县通过农用地开发整理工作，总量基本保持平衡，但总变化趋势处于下降过程中，新开发农用地质量也持续下降，农用地价值量也随之产生了更大幅度的损失。从1989年到2000年，n年间正定县(不包括正定镇)农用地净减少360.7亩，占原有农用地总面积的0.07%，农用地价值量净减少16731.1万元。 五、研究了农用地资源价值核算与分等定级估价之间的关系 农用地资源价值核算与农用地分等共用一套农作物产量、种植纯收益及土壤条件等基础数据;与农用地定级共用一套影响因素体系，其因素量化方法也基本一致;与农用地估价的估价期日、期日修正和年限修正等基本一致，其边际外部成本内涵与征地价中所包含的社会保障价格相同。但是农用地资源价值量核算则更侧重于确定地块价值量，体现不同地块的价格差异。评估单元价值量与在农用地估价中测算出的征用地价相关系数达到0.9915，属于“极相关”。自然、社会和经济因素的差异，对农用地质量和价值量存在较大影响。根据作物种植收益核算出的农用地价格需要进行影响因素修正。 六、提出了农用地资源可持续利用的经济管理模式 农用地资源价值越低越鼓励人们较早地消耗直至匾竭，过低的价值量所制定的政策往往有违于代际之间公平目标的实现。根据土地变更详查资料分析，正定县耕地资源总量在时间序列上变化不大，但人均耕地拥有量却逐渐减少，导致农用地稀缺性增加。在存量上，利用方式较为单一，缺乏多元、高效的农业结构组合，这与其优越的地理位置难以适应。只有合理确定农用地价值量的大小才能决定可持续利用的消费模式，摆脱目前农地过度转用为非农用地的趋势。更多还原

【Abstract】 This text on the basis of the thing that the farming land grades and defines the level to appraise work, to a application study that achievement carries on its. Through using many kinds of research approaches synthetically , and regard ZhengDing County of Hebei as the case, more totally produce the price law and marginal application question in the resource value of farming land is checked and calculated of law of cost of chance; Structure the resource value of farming land and calculate the system; Have checked and calculated and counted the stock of material object of farming land resource , flow and magnitude of value; Have calculated the increase and decrease state of farming land resources; Explore farming land is it is it appraise achievement value calculate the feasibility that uses in resource to define the level to grade. Have tried putting forward the economic management mode of resource sustainable utilization of farming land.1. this text more totally produces the price law and marginal application in the resource value of farming land is checked and calculated of law of cost of chance.Produce price law and marginal chance law of cost farming land resource theoretical foundation that value calculate totally. Produce price law produce course capitalized to throw into in farming land totally, considering the influence in social economic factors , such as position, economy ,etc., have revised the price of fanning land in terms of position, supply demand ,etc. Produce result that price law calculate can embody the intact value essence of farming land totally, farming land produce a kind of concrete form in which the income capitalizes under existing policy system just. And marginal chance law of cost calculate from marginal production cost, marginal user cost and marginal outside cost 3, can embody the value under the complete market condition of farming land in an all-round way.2. Finish the agricultural geology amount based on legal grade of factor and appraise . Adopt Fig. spot law divide farming land appraise unit, through getting Delphipoiii lawconfirm agricultural geology amount influence factor system. Use GIS software every influence degree of influence factor according to different method, Through space analyse is it quantize to go on separately, work out influence factor picture of dividing etc.. Adopt the way of superposing, compose the factor dividing value in appraising the unit. Weighting is it calculate out unit define the level index , in accordance with define the level index level divide land quality rank to sue for peace.3. On the basis of quality evaluation , divide into through administrative area under one’s jurisdiction quality rank is it count farming land resource material object stock , flowand magnitude of value to calculate.Because of political historical reason, farming land it is unable to utilize marketing price materials directly for magnitude of value to calculate, is it plant through crop net profit as basic materials , calculate according to the marginal law of cost of chance indirectly to need. Fanning land marginal production cost (MPC) calculate based on development expense of cultivated land; The marginal user cost (MUC), according to Hotelling’s rule, utilize crop plant annual net profit sample calculate corresponding appraisal Entrance unit farming land MUC of period (Because crop plant income is it reflect he position difference to fail , utilize farming land to hire out the position difference of contracting income, confirm with the strongest influence factor of dependence of the price of farming land according to Pearson’s formula, and carry on the influence factor to revise to sample MUC that is calculated; Is it is it analyse , set up sample MUC and county intra-area all farming land assess mathematics model of Entrance to come back to utilize, unit MUC happenning and each assessing the unit of inserting value), And then is multiplied by in the land area and calculated out and assessed unit MUC; Marginal outside cost namely peasant social security更多还原