【作者】 白芳；

【导师】 穆诗雄；

【作者基本信息】 江西师范大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 约瑟夫·康拉德(1857-1924)被西方评论家誉为20世纪最杰出的英国小说家之一。他以一个敏锐艺术家的广泛视野，时刻关注着时代和社会，力求用新的艺术形式反映新的现实。 在康拉德所有的作品中，《吉姆爷》被称作里程碑式的杰作。在这部作品中，康拉德融入了深刻的道德寓意，细腻的心理描写及独特的叙述手法，在并不复杂的情节中包含着对人性的矛盾，人类生命的评判。这部小说的问世引起了广大评论家的关注。康拉德新颖的叙述技巧成为评论的焦点，而在主题研究上，国内学者倾向于从道德的角度对《吉姆爷》进行分析与评价。西方评论家则借助精神分析学、现象学等理论，拓宽了对《吉姆爷》的研究领域。然而《吉姆爷》的存在主义解读却留有空白，国内外对此的研究都是零星的介绍。存在主义是现代西方非理性主义哲学思潮，旨在探索人类生存状况：人类生存面对的荒谬与异化，人的自我发现与自我超越，追求真实的自我存在，个人与他人的关系。而康拉德在《吉姆爷》中所展现的人生主题，与20世纪兴起的存在主义主张如出一辙。因此，本文采用文本研究的方法，从存在主义的角度分析《吉姆爷》的主题，这种分析不仅有助于对这部作品有一个全面的了解和评价，而且还集中反映出康拉德在《吉姆爷》中多方位阐释了自己对人类生存状况的深刻理解及其对人类存在的终极意义的探求。 论文包括以下四个部分。 第一章探求康拉德与存在主义的联系，分为两个部分。第一部分，界定将运用到的有关存在主义理论概念及术语。第二部分，论述康拉德观照世界，观照人生的态度与存在主义思想的关联。 第二章探讨康拉德在《吉姆爷》中展现的人的生存与世界的关系，分为两个部分。第一部分，人类面对世界的荒诞。康拉德揭示世界是荒谬的，人类生活也是荒谬的，存在本身显得毫无理由，无意义。人与世界关系的不和谐脱节，然而人类只能忍受存在的荒诞，无法逃脱。第二部分，荒谬冷漠的世界导致异化感的产生。小说中不同人物经历的异化说明人本身是无法逃脱来自冷酷荒谬世界的一切异化力量：An Existential Interpretation ofLordJ1’口传统道德观，社会意识形态等等。通过以上分析，康拉德在《吉姆爷》中的深刻认识与存在主义所展现的主题是一致的。 第三章探索康拉德在《吉姆爷》对吉姆的自我发现及其追求真实自我的关注，分为三个部分。第一部分，追溯了吉姆在早期受外界各种因素决定，而陷入的不真实自我，逃避责任。第二部分，由于个人良知的召唤，吉姆开始了自我发现。第三部分，最终实现与自我同一的，由自我决定的真实自我，承担起对自我，对他人的责任。虽然这种真我的实现是短暂的，却说明了人类同荒谬世界抗争的积极态度。这正是存在主义的主张。 第四章探讨康拉德在《吉姆爷》中寻求的人际关系，分为两个部分。第一部分，吉姆与珠儿的关系。第二部分，吉姆与马洛的关系。说明了在这个孤独异化的世界，正面的人际关系是实现自我超越的重要因素。这与存在主义的相关理论有相同之处。 最后，在结论部分归结在《吉姆爷》中，康拉德直面人生的残酷与荒谬，人的孤独与异化，不遗余力的追求真实自我，寻求正面的人际关系。这说明康拉德尹人类生存状况的认识是:只要树立正确的个人价值标准和人际关系，人类有可能战胜荒谬宇宙并且探究生存的意义。因而康拉德的存在主义观点是积极的，预言了加缪、萨特等的哲学观。《吉姆爷》为存在主义者运用文学形式阐述他们的哲学思想树立了一个很好的范例。更多还原

【Abstract】 Joseph Conrad is acclaimed as one of the most outstanding British writers of the twentieth century. As a writer in the period of transition, this acute man with wide field of vision never ceases to show his solitude for the times and society. He strives to reflect the new reality with new art form.Lord Jim is considered as a masterpiece of Conrad’s works. By profound moral significance, minute psychological descriptions and unique narrative techniques, Conrad passes his judgments on the human life and the contradiction of human nature in the plot which is not so complicated. The appearance of this novel arouses the interest of a lot of critics. Conrad’s innovative narrative techniques become the key point of criticism. In the study of its themes, Chinese critics tend to regard Conrad as a moralist and analyze the novel from the angle of morality. Absorbing the theories of psychoanalysis and phenomenology etc, the western critics have conducted systematic criticism of Lord Jim and widened the research of this novel. However, there has as yet been no detailed studyof the theme of Lord Jim in the light of existentialism. Existentialism aims at therexploration of human condition. It maintains absurdity and alienation man experiences, man’s self-discovery in the world, and interpersonal relationship man demands. The issues Conrad explores in his fiction share affinities with those the existentialists elucidate. So the object of my study is to expound the theme of Lord Jim in terms of existentialism. Such a study brings out the full scope of Conrad’s art and interpretations of Lord Jim. At the same time, it reflects Conrad’s existential evaluation of human life and philosophical exploration into the ultimate meaning of human existence.My thesis consists of four parts.Chapter one deals with the relationship between Conrad and existentialism: section one provides a brief introduction to some theory preliminaries of existentialism, focusing on the notions and terms to be used in the thesis; section two relates the affinities between Conrad and the existentialists in their concerns about human living condition in detail.Chapter two centers on Conrad’s exploration of man’s existence in the world: section one reveals Conrad’s perception of the absurd world and human existence. Thisabsurdity lies in the basic discord in the relationship between man and the universe. As a physical part of the world, man cannot escape this absurdity; section two relates alienation that is induced by the indifferent and absurd world. Alienation various characters experience in Lord Jim shows man cannot escape the alienating force from the world. What Conrad explores in Lord Jim is also the expressions of the themes of existentialism.Chapter three deals with Conrad’s preoccupation with Jim’s self -discovery: section one reveals Jim’s inauthentic self determined by external forces; section two depicts the process of Jim’s self-discovery out of his personal conscience; section three reveals the achievement of Jim’s authentic self though it is short-lived. Conrad’s presentation of authenticity shows man’s positive attitude towards his struggle of the absurd world, which is also the credo of existentialism.Chapter four centers on Conrad’s presentation of interpersonal relationship: section one relates the relationship between Jim and Jewel; section two reveals the relationship between Jim and Marlow. It illustrates the positive interpersonal relationship is key to self-transcendence, which shares the affinities with the relevant theories, of existentialism.Based on the above four chapters, the conclusion of this thesis arrives at: in Lord Jim, Conrad reveals the absurdity of the world and the human condition as well as alienation man experiences. At the same time, Conrad existentially reveals that, man is his own source of transcendence. Through man’s resolute moral efforts to create his own authentic self, Man has the potential to overcome the world that induces feelings of alienation and absurdity and to fashion his own private更多还原