对中国现代化认识的一个侧面

【作者】 李卫朝；

【导师】 陈卫平；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 中国哲学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 纵观一百年来中国思想文化史上的“义和团”观，虽然经历了几次比较大的反复和波折，但各个阶段的“义和团”观都触及到中国现代化进程中的两大问题：其一是农民在中国现代化进程中的地位和作用问题，其二是西方资本主义文明与中国现代化的关系问题。围绕着这两个问题展开的义和团观的反复从侧面展现了百年来中国现代化进程的曲折。文章对一百年来各个时期的“义和团”观的变迁进行了分析和探讨，藉此从一个侧面认识二十世纪中国现代化进程。 文章分五个部分展开。第一部分论述清政府内部后党与帝党对义和团的不同评价：“乡团”与“拳匪”。这两种不同的“义和团”观体现了他们对上述两个问题的回答，意味着清政府对于中国卷入西方资本主义文明的无可奈何，中国被迫开始进入现代化。第二部分论述资产阶级维新改良派与革命派关于改良与革命的论争及随之对义和团作出的“野蛮行为”与“野蛮革命”不同评价，以及对中国现代化的模糊认识，说明中国的现代化仍然停留在初步发展的阶段。第三部分主要论述在新文化运动中直至民族危亡日益深重之机，产生的“封建蒙昧迷信的象征”和“反帝爱国的革命”两种不同的“义和团”观。这一时期自由主义者与马克思主义者都认识到了农民在中国现代化进程中的二重性以及西方资本主义文明对于中国现代化过程中的二重性，为现代化的发展提供了理论基础和向前迈进的可能性。第四部分分析了建国后“反帝反封反修的前驱”的义和团“神话”对西方资本主义文明的全盘否定，而农民在中国现代化进程中的作用和地位却被无限地拔高，直接导致对现代化的认识走向另一个极端，现代化停滞不前甚至出现倒退。第五部分分析了对“义和团”神话观的“祛魅”和“义和团”观走向学术认知的深化，中国开始客观对待西方资本主义文明以及农民在现代化进程中的双重性。中国现代化从此进入平稳发展的阶段。更多还原

【Abstract】 Those viewpoints of "Yihetuan" in the history of Chinese thought and culture during the past century , have gone through several biggish repeats ,and twists and turns, but all the viewpoints of "Yihetuan" during different stages have touched two important problems about the process of Chinese modernization: one is about the position and role of Chinese peasants in the process of Chinese modernization, the other is about the relation between the western capitalist civilization and Chinese modernization. The repeats around these two problems have unfolded the complicated process of Chinese modernization during the past century from indirect sources. This paper analyses and discusses the changes of viewpoints of "Yihetuan" during all the stages, thereby we can understand the process of 20th Chinese modernization from indirect sources.The thesis is departed into five parts. The first section are two different opinions of "Yihetuan" : "Xiangtuan" and "Quanfei", which show queen party and king party’s different answers within Qing-govemment, and signify they having no alternative of china being involved in western capitalist civilization and being compelled to modernize. The second section are the disputes between reformist and revolutionist group about reform and revolution, thereby their different opinions of "Yihetuan": "savage action" and "savage revolution", and their vague understanding of Chinese modernization, which all illustrate that Chinese modernization still remains a preliminary stage. The third section is two different viewpoint of "Yihetuan": "the symbol of feudal uncivilized superstitions" and "the anti-imperialist and patriotic revolution", which arise from New Culture Movement to the deeper grip of national crisis. The Liberalists and Marxists in this term had recognized the duality of peasants in the process of Chinese modernization and of the influence that western capitalist civilization had imposed on Chinese modernization, which had provided the possibility of theoretical basis and advancement for the development of modernization .The fourth section analyses the "Yihetuan" myth of "anti-capitalist ,anti-feudal and anti-revisionist forerunner" after the national reconstruction, which had denied western capitalist civilization completely in one hand, and raised the role and position of peasants in the process of modernization unlimitedly in the other hand, and made the recognition of modernization go to another extreme and modernity be at a standstill ,even retrogress. The fifth section analyses the "disenchantment" of the "Yihetuan" myth and the deepening of the cognition of "Yihetuan", and China begins to adopt object attitudes towards western capitalist civilization and duality of peasants in the process of modernization. From then on, Chinese modernization has gotten into a stage of stable development.更多还原