心理时间的时空波动形态初探

【作者】 曹宁宁；

【导师】 乐竟泓；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 基础心理学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究的中心问题是：心理时间在时间和空间纬度上的不稳定性，从两个方面展开研究。其一，心理时间在时间纬度上的波动特征，通过要求被试进行连续估计的系列实验来实现；其二，心理时间在空间纬度上的非稳态特征，通过要求被试复制不同形式光标运动的时间来实现。 实验操作和数据记录在电脑上由自制软件完成。32名被试参与并完成了全部实验。 连续估计实验自变量为有无反馈和不同长度的理论时距，因变量为被试连续生成理论时距的时间。研究结果发现，被试连续估计的反应是不稳定的，存在波动现象；反馈对被试估计的精度有非常大的影响，经过反馈后，被试的反应误差大幅度减少；被试对3秒和5秒时间段的估计，与对2.5秒和6秒时间段的估计之间存在差异，可能与熟悉度有关；男女被试反应的差异显著，女性在更大程度上倾向于高估，但是男性被试反应结果的个体差异比女性明显。 时／空交互关系实验研究运动形状(包括弧度)、运动方向和运动时距三个变量对被试时间估计的影响，实验中随机呈现149条运动刺激，要求被试分别复制运动时间。结果表明：基准线、弦线、弧线三个形状变量没有表现出显著的差异，但是，弧线运动的时间估计结果更加接近于弦长运动；直线、弧线与未封闭圆环、方框之间有极其显著差异；理论时距变量具有明显的主效应，理论时距越大，被试的反应越准确，反应的离散程度越大；被试时间复制的结果在较熟悉的运动方向(由左到右、由上到下)和较生僻的运动方向(由右到左、由下到上)上有显著的不同，前两者的反应误差高于后两者，反应标准差低于后两者。更多还原

【Abstract】 The primary aim of this study is to reveal the instability of psychological time. Two sections of experiments are carried out. In the first section, subjects are instructed to continuously produce a predefined interval of some given length to reveal the fluctuation of psychological time. In the other section, subjects are asked to reproduce the duration of cursor’s movements to study the effect of motional characteristics on psychological time.Special software is designed to generate all the stimuli and manager the data on the computer. 32 subjects are involved in this study.The first experiment explores the effect of feedback, length of interval, and gender on the produced time. The results ndicate that:a) The continuously produced time is fluctuant.b) Feedback has significant effects or the accuracy of subjects’estimation, and errors are reduced a great lot after feedback.c) The estimation of the predifined intervals of 3s and 5s is significantly diffirent from the estimation of 2.5s and 6s.d) Gender has effects on time estimation. The female subjects tend to overestimate the intervals more than the male subjects.The second experiment explores the effect of shape, direction and duration of cursor’s movements on the reproduced time.The results indicate that:a) The effect of shape of movements on time estimation is significant But the reproduced time of standard lines arcs and chords is not significantly diffirent.b) The variable of duration has main effects on the repreduced time. The accuracy and standard deviation increase with the growth of length of intervals.c) The direction of movements effects the reproduced time. When the cursor is moving from left to right or from up to down, subjects reproduce the duration more inaccurately than from right to left or from down to up. But the standard deviation is lower in he former two directions than in the latter ones.更多还原