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中国经济可计算一般均衡分析决策支持系统的研究与应用

A Research and Application of Decision Support System on Computable General Equilibrium Analysis of Chinese Economy

【作者】 吴兵

【导师】 王铮;

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 , 地图学与地理信息系统, 2004, 硕士

【摘要】 将GIS与DSS结合,借助计算机技术开展地理计算已逐渐成为一种潮流。而本文的主要工作选择数理经济学的重要应用方向——可计算一般均衡分析,开发集成中国经济一股均衡分析的决策支持系统,这个系统的目的是使国家重大经济政策决策人员能方便、即时、准确地利用计算机对经济政策进行模拟分析并为其提供制定有关经济政策的决策支持。我们开发系统的主旨在于提供原型开发研究地理计算以系统软件形式在经济学中的应用问题,克服现在经济学计算机软件应用基本上限于统计软件的情况,如TSP,SPSS和SAS;而可计算一般均衡分析软件面向经济学研究者的问题,如GAMS,GEMPACK。 作为软件工程理论的一个不可缺少的组成部分,需求分析在软件开发过程中起着至关重要的作用。在本文中我们基于软件工程的最新发展,改进了王铮等(1993)的GIS需求分析模式,提出决定地学DSS需求基础的是系统目标而不是地学原理,还应该突出强调系统研究对象的区域特征;其次仅仅考虑数据的组织特征是不够的,还需要模型作为一种特殊数据决定的需求特征。总之,模型特征作为一个总体而不是个别因素在需求分析中起作用。再次,用户特征是重要的内容,在系统开发的前期,我们的主要工作便是要明确系统的用户群体以及他们对系统的各种功能性和非功能性要求。 我们建立的CGE模型是系统的核心所在,本文总结了国外各种CGE模型的原理和基本结构,并根据中国的实际情况,开发了中国经济CGE模型。在CGE模型走向应用时,我们据此建立了1997年的中国社会核算矩阵,把国民经济分为17个部门和城镇和农村两类家庭组。因此,实用的CGE模型包含344个方程,390个变量,346个方程。我们还研究了CGE模型参数估计的方法,并解决了中国经济统计所带来估计参数的各种问题,然后根据系统计算强调稳定性的原则,比较了国际上各种CGE模型的求解算法,并选择了合适的算法——Johansen/Euler法,因此算法的设计也必须满足系统目标的。 在系统设计方面,基于需求分析,我们力求做到系统界面友好,使用方便灵活,具备较强的容错性,最大限度考虑用户各种可能的要求。因此在开发方式的选用上,我们采用了成熟的可视化编程语言VB和ADO技术。另外,为了使系统具有较好的可重用性和可扩展性,系统的总体结构使用了模块化的设计思想。并对系统的求解算法进行了实现,并在实现过程中选择了经典的矩阵求逆算法——Gauss-Jordan法,这也是考虑到求解大型方程组时需考虑稳定的和快捷性的系统目标。 在系统研究与开发中,我们提出:第一,在地理信息科学中选取开发地计算的软件可靠性是最为重要的,而不必追求用新的软件,因为它们的可靠性还未经充分检验,开发地计算环境的关键是选择稳定的、可靠的软件,尤其是算法的可靠。Access建立数据库比较稳定,而且在向大型数据库移植方面也比较可靠,作为一般的地计算环境的数据库支持软件也值得推荐;第二,在进行系统功能性需求分析时应该注意识别任务特征,我们着重强调了区域特征,并且用户特征很大程度上取决于区域特征,由研究表明我们的需求分析是成功的也是值得相关系统开发应借鉴的;第三,因为一般均衡分析所涉及的经济分析的各个方面,因此我们在开发系统时,对CGE模型的建模过程进行了详细的探讨,并且对模型的参数估计和校准进行了仔细的研究,最后对模型的求解算法及实现以至于最后的应用都给予从理论到实际的探索。因此,本系统的研究过程必将对CGE模型在中国的应用起到推广传播的作用。 在文章的最后部分,我们对系统开展了应用,应用系统得到下列结论: (l)中国的贸易自由化政策,包括1997年中国关税削减、APEC贸易自由化以及中 国加入WTO,都将对中国宏观经济产生正面比较静态短期效应。 (2)由于不同生产部门(或企业),有着不同的投入结构和国产品和进口品之间的替 代关系,因而具有不同的产出结构和出口需求特征,因此,不同的生产部门对 中国1997年关税削减、APEC贸易自由化、中国加入WTO的冲击具有不同的 比较静态短期效应。 (3)与1997年中国关税削减的经济影响相比,APEC贸易自由化无论对中国的宏观 经济还是对中国的产业经济发展,都具有更显著的影响。 (4)在中国加入WTO方面,如果只降低关税壁垒,对中国的经济影响不大。 (5)如果气候保护支出由政府来支付,并把这部分支出投入到农业中去,将对中国 的有正面影响。

【Abstract】 The issue of regional sustainable development is an important research field in Geography, and taking use of computer technology to study geographic issues is the trend of the development of Geography. Since 1990s, the trend has formed internationally a key subject-GeoComputation, and developing computable models and applications, as well various technological theories about computer application in Geography, such as GIS, RS. Therefore, GeoComputation is considered as the core of Geographic Information Science. In this study, we selected a applied study of Mathematical Economics: Computable General Equilibrium Analysis, and develop The Decision Support System on Computable General Equilibrium Analysis of China’s Economy. The purpose of this system is to help the national policy makers model economy policies and establish economy policies.In this paper, firstly we processed demand analysis, one of the most important work of developing system, on the basis of software engineering theories. In this study, we amended the GIS demand analysis of Wang et al (1993), and proposed that the demand foundation of DSS on Geographic issues is system object but not geographic principle. On the basis of this pattern, we thought regional characteristic should be emphasized. Moreover, we should consider the model characteristic besides data structure. All in all, model characteristic is the most important in the demand analysis. Because the national policy makers are our main user group, we analyzed their demands.The CGE model we developed is the core of the system. The study is conducted within the framework of a 17-sector, single-country, static computable general equilibrium (CGE) model for China. In contrast to existing studies on China’s economy, which typically assume noncompetitive markets, this study takes into account the complete formation of the market system. It also uses more recent data than existing analyses. In particular, the benchmark year is 1997, and the actual schedule of China’s trade barrier reductions is used. Thus this study tries to obtain a more realistic picture of the influences on the Chinese economy in 1997. The CGE model constructed in the study is estimated using calibration procedure couple with economic estimation for key parameters. In addition, we must make some assumption, in particular the assumption that production technologies, consumer preferences and ownership of capital would remain unchanged in the short term. As for as the algorithm of solving the model, we select the Johansen-Euler method according the stability of algorithm. In a word, the design of solving algorithm should besatisfy the object of system.With regard to system design, we pursue a friendly user interface, confidence. In terms of the choice of developing mode, we adopted the mature visual program language VB and ADO technique. At last, we use Gauss-Jordan method to solve the linear equations due to system stability and reliability.During our research and development of prototype system, we produced some ideas as follow:(1)The reliability of software is the most important thing when choosing software to develop DSS in Geographic Information Science, and new software is not necessary because its reliability hasn’t been tested fully. Additionally, we also recommend Access as database software support GeoComputation environment due to its reliability and ability of migrating to bigger database, such as oracle, sql;(2)We should pay attention to recognize the task characters and classify these characters according to object-oriented technology when analyzing function demand. Our research shows that it’s feasible for developers to classify model characters to design system when they want to establish general equilibrium analysis;(3)We set up CGE model system to analyze Chinese economic issues.At the last section of this paper, we applied our system to get conclusions as the follow:(4)The Chinese policy of trade liberation, including tariff reduction of 1997, APEC trade liberation and China’s accession to the W

【关键词】 地计算地理信息科学决策支持系统CGE模型
【Key words】 GeoComputationGISciDSSCGE model
  • 【分类号】F224
  • 【被引频次】30
  • 【下载频次】1220
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