【作者】 赵梅英；

【导师】 陈立侨；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 动物学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本文基于形态学性状、18S rDNA序列以及形态和分子合并数据分别对藤壶亚目进行系统发育关系分析，并比较了藤壶亚目各科间成熟精子超微结构，探讨了精子超微结构在藤壶亚目系统发育关系推断上的意义。 一、藤壶亚目支序系统学研究 选取37个形态性状演变系列，以Brachylepas、Verruca和Eochionelasmus属作为外群，采用最大简约法构建藤壶亚目系统发育树。结果显示：藤壶亚目Balanomorpha的单系地位得到较高的支持率；鲸藤壶总科Coronuloidea、藤壶总科Balanoidea、藤壶科Balanidae以及塔藤壶科Pyrgomatidae都是单系群，且支持率较高；古藤壶科Archaeobalanidae为并系，而小藤壶科Chthamalidae和笠藤壶科Tetraclitidae为多系起源。小藤壶科Chthamalidae的种类位于最简约树的一致树的基部，鲸藤壶总科Coronuloidea和藤壶总科Balanoidea互为姐妹群，古藤壶科Archaeobalanidae居于藤壶科Balanidae和塔藤壶科Pyrgomatidae之间。 二、基于18S rRNA基因探讨藤壶亚目系统发生 测定了白条地藤壶Euraphia withersi、日本笠藤壶Tetraclita japonica、泥管藤壶Fustilobalanus kondokovi和高峰藤壶Chirona amaryllis的18S rDNA全序列，结合Genbank中已有的藤壶亚目18S rDNA序列，共11条序列排序后总长度为1776bp。以Verruca spengleri为外群进行系统发育分析。结果表明：藤壶亚目是一单系；鲸藤壶类处于藤壶亚目最基部，早于小藤壶、笠藤壶类分化出来；小藤壶科、笠藤壶科和藤壶科的种类都分别聚成一支，且支持率都较高。 三、形态与分子数据的合并分析 利用合并数据构建的系统发育树拓扑结构与形态和分子数据单独构建的系统发育树相同，均支持藤壶亚目的单系性，鲸藤壶位于最基部，小藤壶科、笠藤壶科和藤壶科的种类各自形成一分支。四、藤壶亚目精子超微结构比较来自4总科4科的5种藤壶精子超微结构具有以下共同特征:核横切面呈半圆形或半月形，中部横切附属小滴呈弯月形半包围核与轴丝，尾部只剩轴丝;中部纵切面有大量小棒状糖原颗粒与轴丝并排。小藤壶科附属小滴结构最简单，藤壶科附属小滴结构最复杂，这与支序分析和基于185 rDNA序列的研究结果相吻合。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this study morphological characters , 18S rDNA sequences and the combined data of the two matrixes were used respectively to infer the phylogenetic relationships among Balanomorha taxa. And the fine structures of spermatozoa of balanomorphs were investigated and its significance in deducing phylogeny of Balanomorha was discussed.1. A cladistic analysis of the BalanomorphaThe list of characters comprised 37 shell and soft body features. Brachylepas, Verruca and Eochionelasmus were chosen as outgroups. Phylogenetic trees were estimated by the way of parsimony analysis. The monophyly of the Balanomorpha was confirmed. Coronuloidea,Balanoidea, Balanidae and Pyrgomatidae were strongly supported to be monophyletic. Archaeobalanidae appears to be paraphyletic while Chthamalidae and Tetraclitidae appear to be polyphletic. Chthamalidae branches off lowermost in the strict consensus tree of 96 most parsimony trees, while Archaeobalanidae lies between Balanidae and Pyrgomatidae. Coronuloidea appears as the sister group of Balanoidea.2. Phylogenetic study of Balanomorpha on 18S rDNA sequence analysisThe phylogeny of Balanomorpha was estimated from 18S rDNA sequences. Four sequences were included, Euraphia Withersi , Tetraclita japonica , Fustilobalanus kondokovi, Chirona amaryllis. These were combined with previously published sequences from Genbank. Verruca spengleri was chosen as outgroup. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the monophyly of Balanomorpha. The species from Chthamalidae , Tetraclitidae and Balanidae form a clade respectively. Coronuloidea is the basal member of the Balanomorpha.3. Phylogenetic study on morphological and molecular dataMorphological and molecular data were combined to deduce phylogenetic relationships among Balanomorpha taxa. The same topology of phylogenetic trees as that based upon the two data was gained. The monophyly of Balanomorpha wasconfirmed. Coronuloidea acts as the basal member of the Balanomorpha. The species from Chthamalidae , Tetraclitidae and Balanidae form a clade respectively. 4. Study on spermatozoa ultrastructure in BalanomorphaThe spermatozoa ultrastructures of 5 species in Balanomorpha were investigated. Out of them, 2 species belong to Balanidae, 1 to Chthamalidae, 1 to Tetraclitidae and 1 to Archaeobalanidae. The ultrastructure of these species can be summarized as: the nuclei of spermatozoa appear semicircle; in the middle part transverse section accessory droplet partially envelops the nucleus and associated axoneme; there is axoneme left on the section of the posterior end of spermatozoa; many granules paralleling to axoneme can be seen on the vertical section of the middle of the sperm.The spermatozoa ultrastructures of Chthamalidae are the simplest model, while those of Balanidae are the most complicated. As is congruent with the phylogenies based on cladistic analysis and 18S rDNA sequences.更多还原