上海市理想警察心理品质研究

【作者】 陈林；

【导师】 耿文秀；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 应用心理学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 元分析研究证明，在一定的条件下，个性能力特质可以有效地预测工作表现，但是在警察挑选中多数人格量表都是针对异常的人格特质，只能排除不合适的警察候选人，却无法揭示理想的警察应该具备什么样的心理品质。为了确定理想警察的心理品质，本研究采用了质的研究和问卷调查方法相结合来探讨上海理想警察的心理品质。通过分析，参加者在访谈中提出的35个心理品质和问卷中的30个形容词，可以归纳为四个方面：使命感(责任感、自律等)、情绪管理(内在控制、外在控制)、智能品质(理智、机智)和工作态度(敬业、爱岗)。 除此之外，对上海不同警种的28个在职警察的半结构化访谈和观察的资料进行整理之后，通过不断比较的方法，将相同和相近的资料结合在一起，将相异的资料区别开来，重复进行了4次这样的归类和分析，105个编码先后产生了43个类属，18个下级结构，7个结构以及两个主题——个人因素和职业因素。在分析的最后一个阶段，这两个主题结合起来最终产生了一个统一整个研究资料的主题：个性能力—职业匹配。其中个人因素包括三个方面的要求：人格方面的心理品质(使命感、情绪管理、智能品质和工作态度)、警察职业所需要的特殊能力(人际交流的能力以及应付压力的方式)和一些客观的基本要求(身体条件、文化素质以及专业技能)；职业因素包括四个方面的内容：职业的性质——警察≥一种职业(作为一种职业的特性和警察职业的特殊性)、职业对于个体的影响(适应性影响和职业应激)、职业的发展特性(10年前的警察和不断更新的要求)以及职业的环境(执法环境、社会支持和社会环境)。 本研究采用的是对质的研究资料进行解释性的分析，它们表明上海警察的理想心理品质是与目前上海警察的职业特征紧密联系的，会随着职业因素的改变而随之改变，它们一直处于不断相互影响的互动状态中。最后，作者认为对于上海警察的选拔和培训应该针对具体的工作岗位特征来进行：在选拔方面，应该加强心理学研究，并致力于研究如何选拔出具备理想心理特质的申请者；培训方面，应该根据需求来设计有针对性的课程，选择合适的培训方式。更多还原

【Abstract】 Meta-analyses have shown that personality measuere can predict job performance fairly well under certain conditions. But most widely-used personality scales were used to measure deviant personality traits, which function better to screen-out than to select in. In order to find out out the traits that an ideal police officer should possess, this research employed the qualitative research, combined with questionnaire, to explore the psychological qualities of police offiecer in Shanghai. As a result, the 35 traits that were identified by participants and the 30 words in questionnaire were coucluded into 4 categories: sense of mission (respponsiblity, self-discipline), emotional management (intro- and extro), intelligence and ablity, and attitude.In addition, this reseach collected matericals form semi-structured interviews with 28 in-field police officers and observation. The constant comparative method was the specific technique used to code and understand these data. Over four successive phases of analyses thes quotes were clustered into internally homogeneous and externally heterogeneous groups. 43 categories, 18 sub-constructs, 7 constructs and two themes-individual factor and job factor were generated. Finally, these two themes were combined to produce the overarching concept: personality and ability-job fit. Individual fator included psychological qualities, special ablities and some objective basic requirements. Job factor included properties of the job, influences that job causes to individual, development of the job and the environment ofthe job.This research employed the interpretative analysis to understand the data, which showed, the psychological qualities of ideal police officers in Shanghai were closely related to the characteristics of the job. It is a dynamic process involves individual factor and job factor. Then, the author promoted useful discussion of selection and training of police officers in Shanghai, both of which should be based on the identification of the specific job. On selection, more attention should be attatched to the research in psychology. And on training, the courses and methods should be adjusted to meet the demands of job.更多还原