【作者】 周涛；

【导师】 马庆发；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 职业技术教育学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以战后英国如何实施积极的就业政策和措施为研究对象。二战以来，在新科技革命推动下，世界范围内的政治、经济、文化等领域发生了翻天覆地的变化，与这种变化相适应，如何解决全世界范围内失业成为诸多国家经常困扰的问题，因此再就业政策一直是他们政府政策的一个重要组成部分，他们在如何实施再就业方面已积累了大量经验。特别是英国政府，通过制定和实施一系列积极的就业政策，从60、70年代失业大国到现在失业率仅为3.1％。 战后英国再就业战略的基本走向与发展趋势，多少也反映了战后西方再就业战略发展的轨迹，经历了失业救济→就业培训→创业培训→积极的就业政策。英国实施积极的就业政策在欧美起步较早，在战后近半个世纪的实践中已积累了不少的经验和教训。所以，在当前我国深化企业改革、实施积极的就业政策的今天，历史地、文化地探索英国战后积极的就业政策实施的经验以作为我们的借鉴，具有重要的现实意义。 基于此，本文聚焦于英国再就业战略积极的就业政策部分，探索了英国战后如何实施积极的就业政策来促进再就业的，进而联系我国在实施积极的就业政策中所面临的一些问题，提出个人的几点建议。 本文共分四章。 第一章为发达国家积极的就业政策概述。着重探讨了一些发达国家积极的就业政策实施情况及发展背景，旨在为研究英国如何实施积极的就业政策提供一个宏观的时代背景。 第二章为英国劳动力市场状况解析及其再就业战略的历史演变。本章对战后英国劳动力市场状况做了较为深入的研究，并对战后英国再就业战略做了历史脉络的清理，力图从中把握英国再就业战略发展的基本线索与特点，为后面的英国积极的就业政策研究提供基础和依据。 第三章为英国积极的就业政策具体措施实施情况。主要是对二战以来英国积极的就业政策实施措施进行研究。这里选择了措施中的四个最为核心的问题：加强职业培训促进就业的措施、强化就业服务促进就业的措施、鼓励中小企业发展促进就业的现行策略以及“从福利到工作”(from Welfare to Work)政策的实施情况。本章是研究的重点，通过对上述主要措施的分析和研究，真正对英国积极的就业政策实施状况有深入的了解。同时通过本章的研究，理清战后英国积极的就业政策发展的轨迹。 第四章为英国积极的就业政策实施对我国的借鉴。主要是应用前面的研究结论，从国际比较的角度，探讨当前我国实施积极的就业政策中的一些重要问题。具体地说，包括四个方面的问题：一是我国就业状况简述；二是我国积极的就业政策实施情况；三是提出我国实施积极的就业政策的主要问题和困难；四是对我国实施积极的就业政策提出几点建议。这部分是整个研究的目的与归宿。这四部分密切联系，形成了一个相对完整的积极的就业政策研究框架。更多还原

【Abstract】 This thesis is to study how the Great Britain implements its Active Employment Policies and Measures since World War II. In this period, great changes have taken place in world policies, economy and culture driven by new revolution in science and technology. In conformity with changes, how to solve unemployment is a perplexing problem to a lot of developed countries. So the Reemployment Policy has been an important part of their government policies all the time. These developed countries have accumulated good experience in how to implement reemployment. Especially the rate of unemployment of the Great Britain, which was a heavy unemployment country in 1960 and 1970, now is only 3.1%.Basic trends and development of British reemployment strategy after the war much reflected the development track of western countries reemployment strategy, from unemployment relieving into unemployment training, then to self-employment training and finally into active employment policy since 1960. The Britain implemented active employment policy relatively earlier than any other country in America and Europe, and accumulated more experience and lessons through practice of nearly half a century after the war. Presently China is conducting enterprises reforming, and implementing active employment policy, historically and culturally studying British active employment policy has substantially important realistic meaning as our references.Based on this, the thesis focuses on the last part of British reemployment strategy, to probe how the Britain implements active employment policy to promote reemployment, and further linking with some problems that our country faces in implementing active employment policy, and offering some of my own suggestions.The whole thesis is divided into following four parts.Part One, Introduction of Active Employment Policy of Developed Countries. This part is to study the situation and background of active employment policy of some developed countries after the war so as to form a contextual base for the whole research.Part Two, The Analysis of British Labour Market and The History Development of Reemplovment Strategy. This part is to research British labour market after the war, and making the historical clearances for British reemployment strategy, and try to grasp the clue and special features of its development so as to provide a foundation for research of British Active Employment Policy.Part Three, Concrete Measures of British Active Employment Policy. This part is to study the concrete measures of British active employment policy. Here four measures are chosen as research objects: to enhance vocational training to promote employment, to strengthen employment services to promote employment, to encourage small and medium-sized enterprises development to promote employment and the strategy of from welfare to work. This part is the most important part of the thesis, through the analysis and studying to above-mentioned main measures, we have adeep understanding of British employment policy and its development trends.Part Four, Comparative Study of Active Employment Policy. This part is to study some important issues in current Chinese active employment policy in the perspective of international comparison, by using the conclusion drawn form the previous parts. Four issues have been tackled: first, revision of employment situation in China; second, implementing of active employment policy in China; third, the main existing problems in implementing active employment policy; last, some suggestions to how to implement active employment policy in China.The four parts are closely inter-related, which form a complete frame for comparative research on active employment policy.更多还原