地方创新环境与跨国公司R&D活动：北京与上海的比较

【作者】 王远桂；

【导师】 杜德斌；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 人文地理学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 随着经济全球化，跨国公司R&D也开始全球化，一改以往选址母国或发达国家的传统布局模式，发展中国家也成为这一轮滚滚洪流的冲击者。90年代以来，跨国公司R&D开始抢滩中国，北京和上海成为跨国公司研发机构集聚地。跨国公司为何对北京和上海情有独钟，不是通常所认为的两城市投资环境较好，而是对R&D准入相关的一系列因素构成的创新环境系统对他们产生的强烈吸引力。地方创新环境的组成要素与一般的投资环境有着明显的差异，正是这种差异性影响了跨国公司研发机构的数量、行业分布、研发性质和层次。与此相对应，跨国公司研发机构通过技术外溢、人才培养、管理经验和理念渗透，对当地乃至全国的创新环境也带来了一系列积极的影响。本文通过实证分析，研究地方创新环境与跨国公司R&D活动紧密相关的互动关系，探索如何利用这种互动关系促进地方创新环境的发展，力图在理论和实践的结合上作一些有益的尝试。 针对研究目标和研究内容，本文将从六部分展开论述：在绪论部分，阐述本论文选题依据和研究意义，综述国内外学者在该相关领域的研究，介绍本文研究思路与技术路线。第一章从理论上探讨地方创新环境的内涵，设计地方创新环境的评价指标体系，地方创新环境的内涵十分深广，本文将多角度，多层次地阐述其内涵，并根据研究需要界定地方创新环境的定义。在此基础上，多方征求专家意见，选择有代表性的评价指标，建立地方创新环境评价指标体系。第二章比较北京和上海的创新环境，首先分析样本选择依据，然后定性与定量相结合进行比较，发现北京和上海创新环境的共同点与差异性。第三章首先描述跨国公司研发在我国的发展概况，对本文涉及的跨国公司R&D进行界定，然后根据大量的访谈资料，结合GIS定位分析，比较两个城市跨国公司R&D活动的共同点与差异性。第四章在前面理论阐述和大量实证分析的铺垫下，研究地方创新环境与跨国公司R&D的互动关系。第五章是建议与对策部分，提出应该如何营造良好的地方创新环境，吸引跨国公司研发机构，通过二者的互动促进我国地方乃至国家创新环境的建设。更多还原

【Abstract】 With economy globalizing, The globalization of Transnational Corporations’ (TNCs’ ) Research and Development(R&D) lab has reached the Developing country. Since 1990’, TNCs’R&D have begun to enter China, Beijing and Shanghai are becoming cluster region of them. The reason for these is not the better investment environment but the Regional Innovative Milieu that contains a lot of factors. The differences of Regional Innovative Milieu affect the amount, the character and the profession of TNCs’R&D, by contrast, TNCs’R&D affects Regional Innovative Milieu by means of the educating, technology spillover and management experience spreading etc. Based on plenty of cases analysis, this article studies on the relation between Regional Innovative Milieu and TNCs’R&D, and explores the way to advance Regional Innovative Milieu. The research has a little significance on theory and practice.This paper has 6 parts as follows:In introduction, the theme and its significance are discussed. A review of related studies abroad and home, the research approaches and methods are introduced.In chapter 1, theories on Regional Innovative Milieu are discussed in detail. According to the definition of Regional Innovative Milieu, we divide it into four sub-systems. Based on them, we set up a series of indexes to review Regional Innovative Milieu.In chapter 2, by analyzing and comparing many data on Regional Innovative Milieu of Beijing and Shanghai, we find the sameness and difference on Regional Innovative Milieu of Beijing and Shanghai. Finally, we draw a comprehensive conclusion on Regional Innovative Milieu of Beijing and Shanghai.In chapter 3, firstly, the summary of TNCs’R&D in China is introduced, the concept and definition of TNCs’R&D is discussed. Secondly, we compare TNCs’R&D between Beijing and Shanghai. As chapter 3, we find the sameness and difference on TNCs’R&D in the two cities.In chapter 4, on basis of above theories and cases, we study on the relating between Regional Innovative Milieu and TNCs’R&D. We display the penomeno of their relating, and study them how to affect each other.In chapter 5, according these problems of Regional Innovative Milieu in some places, taking advantage of the relating between Regional Innovative Milieu and TNCs’R&D, we search for some steps to solve them.更多还原