【作者】 杨雪；

【导师】 丁金宏；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 人文地理学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 就业迁移是当代中国人口迁移的主体，对迁入地、迁出地的社会经济发展产生了深刻的影响，因此对就业迁移模式的深入研究是认识中国人口迁移模式的关键一环。大规模的就业迁移通常发生在极化开发区域，是这类区域极化开发战略引致的社会效应之一，因此研究极化开发区域就业迁移模式不仅是对迁移理论的有益补充，对认识极化开发的社会地理过程亦有重要意义。 本文从地理学空间区域角度出发，利用上海浦东新区第五次人口普查、流动人口调查等资料，对新区开发开放以后尤其是2000年普查时点之前五年间的就业迁移人口的属性模式、空间模式进行了重点分析，初步揭示了就业迁移对新区人口形态的影响，以及新区经济对就业迁移人口的选择。 浦东新区就业迁移人口以中青年为主，男性较女性年龄跨度大、高峰年龄来得晚；按迁移尺度、城乡来源地和迁移原因等标准“分解”就业迁移人口，其性别年龄模式显示出明显的“单纯性”。就业迁移人口受教育程度以中低水平为主，不同来源地、不同迁移原因的人口受教育水平有较大差异，反映出不同人口群体社会、经济地位的不同。就业迁移人口主要集中在第二产业低技术密度、高劳动强度的行业和传统服务业中，其行业结构的低层次与区域主导产业的高层次“错位”，其行业结构的低层次与其受教育水平的低层次关系密切。就业迁移人口中未婚和初婚者占绝大多数，育龄妇女生育水平极低，反映了经济动因对就业迁移人口婚姻、生育行为的制约。就业迁移人口主要分布在产业高速发展的地带及其周边地区，反映了产业的增生直接拉动就业增长的规律；就业迁移人口的源地结构，短距离迁移表现出明显的距离衰减规律，长距离迁移表现出源地省份较低的社会经济水平、人均资源占有量与新区高速发展的经济、较多的就业机会之间的“推—拉”模式。 就业迁移人口“修饰”了浦东新区的人口结构，充实了劳动力人口并使之趋于年轻化，降低了人口老龄化水平；就业迁移人口局部改变了新区的人口分布，推动了新区城市化地带的东扩进程。新区社会经济对就业迁移人口具有一定的选择性，主要表现在不同行业对人口性别年龄、受教育水平等素质提出不同要求，反映了产业对劳动力的“过滤”吸纳过程。时序分析表明，就业迁移活性与新区经济增长呈高度正相关，一定程度上体现了就业迁移人口对区域经济发展的重要贡献。 本文建立了极化开发区域较为细致完整的就业迁移模式，并试图从更广阔的社会、经济、地理学视角去考察人口对经济的响应关系，探索极化开发模式的社会地理意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nowadays employment migration is the dominant part of migration in China. It has deep social economic influence on both immigrating areas and emigrating areas. Research on employment migration patterns is the key to find out Chinese population migration patterns. With the intense social economic changing, developing pole area pulls in large-scale employment migrants. To realize the social geographic process in developing pole area, one needs to study mutual responses between employment migration and social economic development.Using spatial analysis method, based on the data of the national census of 2000 and the floating population census and surveys of Pudong New Area in Shanghai, the author developed structural patterns and spatial patterns of employment migration, discovered its influence on population and economy development.The paper characterized the employment migrants in several fields. As age is concerned, young and middle-aged people are the largest group. Male is older than female at age peak, lager in age span. Gender and age patterns can be separated and show certain simplicity in different migration dimensions, different urban country source and different migration reasons. As education level is concerned, most employment migrants are low educated. People from different emigrating areas, in different migration reasons are different in education, which reflects people’s social economic situation. Employment migrants mainly work in the second industry of the low technique level and service industry with high labor intensity. To some extent education level is positive correlative with the level of industry. As marriage is concerned, people who are unmarried and at the first marriages occupy the majority of employment migrants. Women’s fertility level is extremely low in census year, which reflects women suffering a kind conditionality from employment. As spatial pattern is concerned, migrants concentrate in the rapid developing industry belt and around. The emigrating areas of those migrants are dispersing. It also shows push-pull mode between lower economic level in emigrating areas and more employment opportunities in immigrating areas.The employment migrants modify the population state in the developing pole area in manner of increasing work force, delaying aging and partly transforming population distribution. The social economy of immigrating areas has certain selectivity to employment migrants in gender, age and education etc. The migrationactivity positively related with economic growth in the immigrating areas, which shows great contribute from employment population.All in all, research employment migration patterns in developing pole areas are good enrichment for population migration studies. More research needs to be done on this social geography phenomenon.更多还原