【作者】 陈鸣；

【导师】 达良俊；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 生态学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 随着工农业生产的迅速发展、人口数量的快速增长以及城市化步伐的不断加快，人们对水的需求量急剧增加，同时也产生了大量废水，排入到江河湖海中，水污染问题日益严重，由此，产生了水体修复的概念。现今利用植物修复受污染水体方法已日见成熟，本文以菖蒲和鸢尾作为受试植物，用椰丝作为植物生长的支撑载体，通过测定水体中营养元素的变化情况研究菖蒲和鸢尾对水体中营养元素的去除作用，分析植物各部位总氮和总磷的含量及积累量来判断植物对水体中氮磷的吸收效应；同时设置高于地表Ⅴ类水的不同氨氮、硝氮和磷酸盐浓度梯度实验以研究植物在高浓度污染水体中的生长状况和对氮磷的去除效应；并对植物的支撑载体椰丝对水体中污染物质的吸附效应和生物膜效应也进行了研究，结果表明： 1．在室外实验中，菖蒲和鸢尾的生长状况明显好于室内实验。菖蒲在10月下旬长至最高，之后进入冬季停止生长，至11月中旬叶片开始枯萎脱落；鸢尾在实验期间一直处于生长阶段，但是进入秋末冬初生长缓慢。叶是菖蒲和鸢尾对氮磷元素的主要积累部位，其含量均占整个植物体含量的50％以上。菖蒲和鸢尾根、茎、叶及整棵植株中的总氮、总磷积累量变化趋势相同，从实验初期到8月中期，均无明显的变化趋势，从8月中旬至下旬开始缓慢上升，菖蒲至11月28日实验结束达到最大值，鸢尾至11月14日达到最大值。 2．实验室静态实验中，菖蒲和鸢尾对总氮的去除率达97.5％和89.6％；对总P的去除率为58.8％和49％；对有机物的去除率可达94.8％和91.8％；对叶绿素a的去除率达88.5％和98.5％。表明菖蒲和鸢尾对总氮和有机物具有很强的去除作用，并且在实验初期对氮的吸收速度最大，在对氮的吸收过程中两种植物均优先吸收硝态氮；两种植物对藻类也有明显的抑制作用，但是对磷的去除效果不明显。 3．在不同氨氮浓度梯度实验中，各个浓度组的植株在刚移栽入水体时生长最快，对氨氮的吸收也最多，之后氨氮吸收量基本持平或略微增加。菖蒲对氨氮的去除浓度会随水体中初始氨氮浓度的增大而增加，但是当水体中氨氮浓度达到一定水平(本实验中为C浓度组水体中初始氨氮浓度63.78 mg／L)时，植物对氨氮的吸收达到饱和；5个浓度梯度中C浓度(63.78 mg／L)组植株生长状况最好，D浓度(109.44 mg／L)和E浓度(190.37 mg／L)会对植物生长有一定的抑制作用，移栽前的新叶在这种高浓度的氨氮溶液中不能很好生长，氨氮浓度实验植株的生长抑制点与吸收抑制点在同一个水平。 4．在不同硝氮浓度梯度实验中，5个浓度梯度中硝氮浓度越低植株生长状况越好；E浓度(190.37 mgfL)硝氮浓度会对植物生长有一定的抑制作用;葛蒲对硝氮的去除浓度会随水体中初始硝氮浓度的增大而增加，但是当水体中硝氮浓度达到一定水平(本实验中为D浓度组水体中初始硝氮浓度109‘44m留L)时会抑制植物对硝氮的吸收，硝氮浓度实验植株的生长抑制点与吸收抑制点在不同一个水平。在不同磷酸盐浓度梯度实验中，高的磷酸盐浓度同样会抑制营蒲得生长，5个浓度梯度中磷酸盐浓度越低植株生长状况越好。曹蒲对磷酸盐的去除浓度随水体中初始磷酸盐浓度的增大而增加，磷酸盐浓度实验植株的生长抑制点与吸收抑制点不在同一个水平。椰丝对总氮的去除率可达99.55%;对藻类的去除率为98.76%;但是椰丝会使水体中磷浓度增加;椰丝在刚进入水体时释放有机物质，这些有机物质可以被微生物分解;椰丝聚集大量微生物，形成生物膜;对椰丝及其吸附物中总氮和总磷含量分析表明，椰丝可以从周围水体中吸附氮磷元素，吸附量随停留时间增加而增加;种植了植物的椰丝吸附的氮磷量小于没有种植植物的椰丝。更多还原

【Abstract】 Water is in great need of with the rapid development of industry and agriculture, the fast growth of population and the continuous growth of urbanization. So large amount of waste water is produced and released to oceans and lakes. Water-restoration is created for the severe environment problem. The way of using plants to restore polluted water has been in use for a long time. In this paper, calamus and fleur-de-lis are used to study the function of getting rid of nutrition elements in the water body. According to the contents of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the plants, the absorption effects were judged. The growth status of plants in high polluted water and the absorption effect of nitrogen and phosphorus are also studied by setting different gradients of concentration experiments. Then the adsorption effect and biomembrane effect of sick of coconut, which was used as supporting carrier, are studied along the concentration gradient of ammonia nitrogen, nitre nitrogen and phosphate in the water. The results are these.1.In the outdoor experiments, the growth states of calamus and fleur-de-lis are obviously better than those of the indoor experiments. Calamus grew to the tallest states in the later October and stopped growing in winter, then began to wither from mid-November. Fleur-de-lis is at the stage of growing during the experiment, but grew slowly in winter. Leaves are the most important parts to accumulate nitrogen and phosphorus, and contents of them in leaves account for more than 50% in the plants.Net contents of TN and TP in roots, stems, leaves and the individuals of calamus and fleur-de-lis changed little from the initial stage of experiment to middle August. But they began to rise slowly from mid-August to the last ten days of August, and calamus reached the maximum on November 28, fleur-de-lis was on November 14.2.In the lab experiments, calamus can get rid of 97.5% of the total nitrogen. It also can get rid of 58.8% of the total phosphorus, 94.8% of the organic matter and 88.5% of the chlorophyll a. While iris can get rid of 89.6% of the TN, 49% of the TP, 91.8% of the organic matter and 98.5% of the chlorophyll a. It indicated that calamus and fleur-de-lis have great abilities to get rid of total nitrogen and organic matter, and that the largest speed of absorption of nitrogen is in the initial stage of the experiment. Two kinds of plants have priority to absorb the nitre attitude nitrogen inthe course of absorption of nitrogen. Two kinds of plants have obvious inhibition to alga, but are not so good at getting rid of phosphorus.3. In different gradient of ammonia nitrogen concentration experiments, plants grow fastest while just transplanted to the water and absorb ammonia nitrogen the most quickly. In 5 comparison groups, plants in C concentration group (which is 63.78 mg/L) grow the best, and plants in D concentration group (which is 109.44 mg/L ) and E concentration group (which is 190.37 mg/L ) were inhibited in some degree. Tender leaves transplanted can’t grow well in the beginning. The concentration of ammonia nitrogen that calamus can get rid of increases along the initial ammonia nitrogen concentration with a watershed. When the concentration of ammonia nitrogen reaches a certain level, the absorption of ammonia nitrogen saturates and the level of initial ammonia nitrogen concentration is 63.78 mg/L in the experiment.4. Among different gradient of nitre nitrogen concentration experiments, in 5 comparison groups, plants in low concentration grow better, while plants in D concentration group (which is 109.44 mg/L ) and E concentration group (which is 190.37 mg/L ) were inhibited in some degree . The concentration of nitre nitrogen that calamus can get rid of increases along the initial nitre nitrogen concentration with a watershed. When the concentration of nitre nitrogen reaches a certain level, the absorption of nitre nitrogen is inhibited and will release nitre nitrogen to the water and the level is 109.44 mg/L in the experiment5. Among different grad更多还原