【作者】 曾畅云；

【导师】 傅桦； 李贵宝；

【作者基本信息】 首都师范大学 ， 自然地理学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 自从工业革命以来，人类的社会经济得到了飞速的发展，但伴随而来的环境问题也日益威胁人类的生活。水是人类生存最基本的需求之一，自20世纪70年代以来水危机问题就一直引起社会各界的高度关注，水资源短缺、水灾害加剧和水环境恶化的趋势在短期内仍将继续。本文针对人类对水的需求的严峻形势，在环境安全研究逐渐成为科研热点的背景下提出了水环境安全这一新概念，并由此探讨了水环境安全的评价等问题。 本文首先探讨并系统提出了水环境安全的概念，指出水环境安全是在保证水环境处于良好状态的前提下有效保障周边生态与人类社会经济可持续发展的状态。 在系统总结和论述了可持续发展指标体系研究的基础上，本文运用PSR概念模型建立了水环境安全评价指标体系，将水环境安全体系分为社会经济系统、生态环境系统和水环境系统，并通过AHP分析法给指标赋权重，使用综合指数法进行水环境安全的综合评价。 论文在建立的理论基础上以北京市为实例，进行了北京市水环境安全现状评价与历史评价。得出对北京市水环境安全影响比较大的指标主要有人均水资源量、水资源利用率、污泾比、污染河段百分比、恩格尔系数等；对北京市水环境安全有一定影响的是人均GDP，万人具高等学历人数、人均绿地、化肥施用负荷、地下水水质达标率等。此外，北京市在环保投入、有效灌溉面积比重、城市化率、水土流失治理率、工业废水处理率等方面做的成绩比较突出，这些因素使北京市生态环境得到较大的改善，对北京市水环境安全只有轻微影响或者没有太多影响。 针对水环境安全评价结果以及北京市水资源利用过程中出现的问题，本文从技术手段、经济手段、法律措施、管理体制、公众意识和政策引导等方面分别对水环境安全的保障提出了看法和建议构想。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the industrial revolution, it has been sharply growing for man to economy. Concomitantly, the urgent environmental questions are increasingly threatening man.It’s well known that water is the most basic kind of demand for mankind’s survival. After the 1970s,water crisis has attracted highly attention by all circles of society. Morever, conditions will be continuous: the shortage of water resource, the increasing of water disaster, the deterioration of water enviroment. Based on the position, this thesis puts forward the concept of Water Environment Security(WES) from Environment Security,and probing to how to evaluate it.At first, WES is put forward and explained. It means that the surrounding ecosystem and the development of social economy are sustainable on the basis of well water environment.After presenting the historical origins and basic connotation of index system for Sustainable Develepment, the dissertation establishes the index system for WES based on PSR. The system is consist of social system, ecology system and water environment system. Proportions are put by Analytic Hierarchy Process method and WES is evaluated by general index.On the basis of above, the thesis evaluates the actuality and history of WES in Beijing. Per capital water resources, ratio of water resources utilization, ratio of waste water to runoff percentage of polluted reaches andEngel have profound effect on WES. GDP per person, numeral in possession of advanced degree per ten thousand people, Per capital green areas, burden of fertilizer employed and ratio of groundwater up to water quality standards determinately impact WES. Percentage of devotion toenvironment in GDP, percentage of irrigated area accounting for plantation, ratio of urbanization, ratio of water and soil erosion controlled and ratio of industrialwastewater treatment have little impact on WES.Contraposing to the evaluation results and the problems while people utilizing water resource in Beijing,some advice are drawn to ensure water environment security in Beijing in view of technique means, law measure, management system, public consciousness and policy lead.更多还原