【作者】 张永华；

【导师】 马礼；

【作者基本信息】 首都师范大学 ， 自然地理学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 土地合理利用是保护和建设生态环境的核心。合理开发利用土地资源，实施土地的永续利用是国民经济与社会可持续发展的重要内容。土地利用结构调整又是当前产业结构调整的基础。目前经济总量的增长对结构转变的依赖显著增加，经济发展和效益提高在很大程度上取决于资源的合理配置和产业结构优化。调整产业结构也是增加农民收入，增强农村综合实力的必经途径，而农民收入，又是生态环境建设成功与否的关键，也是退耕还林还草政策的应有之意。因此产业结构优化和土地合理利用是密切相关的。 本论文以土地利用现状——土地评价——土地利用的合理性分析——土地利用调整及土地沙漠化整治措施——产业结构现状分析——产业结构调整为主线，以GIS技术、数学模型等为主要研究方法，进行了以大滩镇土地沙漠化治理为目标的初步研究。 本研究依靠ARCVIEw软件的空间分析功能，通过对大滩镇地形图、土壤图等的叠加分析，得出其土地相对于农林牧的适宜等级。评价结构显示，大滩镇拥有丰富且质量较高的牧草地和林地，但没有一等农耕地，二等农耕地较少，三等农耕地较多，说明大滩镇的基础产业应该是牧业，这与大滩镇本底植被为干草原的自然特征以及第五章的灰关连分析的结果相符合。在前述评价结果的基础上，本文进一步提出土地利用结构调整及土地沙漠化治理的具体措施。除此之外还对其进行经济效益和生态效益的分析，想法设法的促进其经济的发展，为此还需产业结构优化研究。而产业结构优化就某一地区而言，就是选择好主导产业和协作配套产业，确定产业发展序列。因此，本文第五章对大滩镇产业结构现状进行了分析，并运用灰色关联分析方法得出对大滩镇国内生产总值关联度大的产业，定性与定量相结合，指出其今后重点发展的产业即旅游业、牧业、蔬菜瓜果种植和农民家庭兼营商品性工业。由于近几年大滩镇旅游业的迅速发展，某些村庄收入迅速增加，并且使得22个村的经济发展水平出现了明显差异，为了更有效的利用土地资源并同时完成改善生态环境的重任，就各村的人均纯收入情况进行了聚类分析，把22个村庄分成不同的经济发展梯度，并分别简要指出各梯度的主要发展方向和措施。最后在前几部分研究的基础上，综合分析自然条件和经济条件，提出产业结构调整的具体实现措施。如大力发展旅游业、牧农林协调发展、以人为本，提高劳动者素质、走产业化经营之路、促进城镇化过程等措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 Land use is the core of protection and construction of ecological environment. Reasonably exploitation and achieving sustainable using of land resources are important components of national economy and sustainable development of modern society. And adjustment of land use structure is the basis of regularization of industry structure. Nowadays the increasing of total economic depends on the change of industry structure more and more vehemently. At the same time adjustment of industry structure is the essential way of increment of peasants’ income and forcing the synthesis strength of countryside. And it also the critic factor of the ecological construction will succeed or not.The research uses GIS technology, mathematical models as the main methods, and regards the control of land desertification as the goal. The outline of this thesis is as the following: (1) situation of land use; (2)land evaluation; (3) analysis of land use’s reasonability; (4)adjustment of land use structure; (5)suggestion of control of land desertification; (6) present situation of industry structure; (7)advices.Using GIS software-Arcview, especially it’s spatial analysis function, land evaluation of Datan is done. The result shows that Datan town is abundant in grazing land and forest land. But it has no adequate tilled land. It demonstrates that Datan’s prop industry is rearing livestock. And this also fixes in with the natural landscape of Datan. Based on the result of land evaluation, the paper expounds measures of adjustment of land use structure and how to control land desertification in addition. Moreover, the research proceeds to optimize industry structure. To a particular region, optimizing industry structure is to choose principal and subordinate industry correctly and decide the order of industrial development. So at the very beginning of the fifth part of the paper, the situation Datan’s situation is analyzed. Then the model of Gray correlation analysis is chosen to ascertain the most important factor of Datan’s output value. By the end the paper points out that Datan should put emphasis on the development of tourism, stock raising, planting vegetables, machining livestock, etc.As the development of tourism, some village incomes increase rapidly. This certainly leads to economic gap between 22 villages. In order to enhance the rates and efficiency of land by making full use of land, 22 villages are classified into six partsto represent various economic development stages.In the end, the paper generalizes the region’s actuality and gives some effectives advices such as utilizing the pasture resources to develop tourism, adjusting and optimizing agriculture structure to make it more harmonious, improving the ability of the people and so on.更多还原