【作者】 赵彦；

【导师】 王秀娥；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究利用普通小麦（Triticum.aestivum.L）与小麦c.v.中国春-加州野大麦（Hordeum californicum）双二倍体杂交后回交，然后自交，在获得H. californicum的标准染色体C-分带带型基础上，综合利用根尖细胞染色体C-分带（root tip cell，RTC）、花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ（pollen mather cell metaphase Ⅰ，PMC MI）制片、荧光原位杂交(（Fluorescence in situ hybridization，FISH）、微卫星标记（Simple Sequence Repeat，SSR）等技术，在BC₂F₂群体中，鉴定出5个二体异附加系、11个单体异附加系、4个双单体异附加系、2个端体异附加系、1个单体异代换系和19个多重附加系（其中可能涉及染色体代换、易位）。研究还利用SSR技术鉴定了部分外源染色体的可能的部分同源群归属，结果表明，H.californicum的染色体H₂与小麦第七部分同源群存在部分同源关系；染色体H₆与小麦4B染色体存在部分同源关系。此外，研究还对双二倍体及回交后代群体进行了赤霉病、白粉病抗性鉴定，结果表明，中国春-H.californicum双二倍体对白粉病表现良好抗性，对赤霉病抗性略强于亲本对照中国春，有望作为小麦抗病育种的新抗源。更多还原

【Abstract】 T. aestivum c.v. Chinese spring (CS)-H. californicum amphiloid was introduced and confirmed by chromosome C-banding and genomic in situ hybridization, and a standard C-band pattern of H. californicum chromosomes was obtained. CS-H. californicum amphiloid was crossed to CS, then backcrossed and self-fertilized. Among the BC2F2 progenies, five disomic addition lines, eleven monosomic addition lines, four dimonosomic addition lines, two telosomic addition lines, one monosomic substitution line and nineteen multiple addition lines (including chromosome substitution and translocation) were obtained by a combination of multiple techniques, such as root tip cell (RTC) chromosome C-banding, PMCMI configuration analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and simple sequence repeat(SSR). SSR analysis was also used for rapid identification of alien chromosome lines and characterization of homoeologous groups of the added H. californicum chromosome. Preliminary results indicated that H. californicum chromosome H2 had homoeologous relationship with wheat group-7 chromosome and chromosome H6 had homoeologous relationship with wheat chromosome 4B. The amphiploid and the identified alien chromosome lines were further indentified for wheat scab and powdery mildew resistance. The results indicated that CS-H. californicum amphiploid was high good resistant to powdery mildew and better scab resistance than CS. and should be a new genetic resource for wheat breeding on powdery mildew resistance.更多还原