【作者】 王宏武；

【导师】 汤一卒；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验于2001年4月-2002年11月在南京农业大学江浦试验站进行。采用大田试验方式，以苏棉12为材料，在正常缩节安化调条件下，于初花和初花后20天叶面喷施多利来(BF-1)、精胺、氯化胆碱、萘乙酸、锗络合物(PG)和6-苄基腺嘌呤，目的在于探索各外源调节物质对棉花成铃的调节效应，为棉花优化成铃的化学调控提供理论依据。试验结果表明： 各调节物质改变了棉花籽棉产量和产量构成因素。锗络合物(PG)和多利来(BF-1)调节伏桃和早秋桃增产，氯化胆碱和精胺调节伏桃增产，萘乙酸和6-苄基腺嘌呤调节棉花全结铃周期籽棉产量增产；多利来(BF-1)主要提高铃数，精胺降低铃重，氯化胆碱主要提高铃重，萘乙酸、锗络合物(PG)和6-苄基腺嘌呤既提高铃数又增加铃重。 各调节物质对棉花成铃机理产生了影响：1)改变了成铃强度，多利来(BF-1)和锗络合物(PG)提高了处理后7-14(21)天左右的成铃率和成铃强度；氯化胆碱和精胺提高了第一次喷后7-21(28)天左右成铃率和成铃强度；萘乙酸和6-苄基腺嘌呤提高了处理后14天后的成铃率和成铃强度。2)改变了成铃时空分布，锗络合物(PG)和多利来(BF-1)促进伏桃和早秋桃成铃，氯化胆碱和精胺促进伏桃成铃，萘乙酸和6-苄基腺嘌呤促进三桃成铃；锗络合物(PG)、多利来(BF-1)、氯化胆碱和精胺主要提高中下部果节位成铃；萘乙酸和6-苄基腺嘌呤主要提高中上部果节位成铃。3)改变了棉花单铃干物质积累和铃重，除精胺外各调节物质均有利于加强铃壳中营养物质向籽棉转运能力，提高籽棉干物质积累强度；多利来(BF-1)提高中下部内围铃铃重，精胺降低各部位铃重，氯化胆碱和萘乙酸提高各部位铃铃重，锗络合物(PG)和6-苄基腺嘌呤提高中上部铃重。 各调节物质改变了成铃物质基础。多利来(BF-1)、精胺、氯化胆碱、萘乙酸、锗络合物(PG)和6-苄基腺嘌呤分别提高了处理后0-45、0-30、0-30、15-75、0-75、15-75天内的生殖器官干物质积累强度；除精胺外各调节物质均提高了生殖器官中干物质分配；除氯化胆碱外其余外源调节物质均提高了最大叶面积指数，延长了叶面积高峰期(LAI≥3)维持的时间。 各调节物质调节了棉株生理活性。除精胺外各调节物质均有利于提高棉花叶片的叶绿素含量、含氮率、可溶性蛋白含量和氨基酸含量，增强抗氧化能力，延长功能期，提高叶片净光合速率，改善光合产物代谢能力；有利于提高铃壳和纤维中有机营养代谢能力，改变幼铃中激素含量，调节棉铃的生理活性。更多还原

【Abstract】 This experiment was carried out in field of Jiangpu Experiment Station of Nanjing Agriculture University with the variety of Sumian 12 from 2001.4 to 2002.11. Six kinds of exogenous regulating substances "BF-1", Sper, CC, NAA, PG, 6-BA were sprayed on early flowering and 20 days later to study effect of the six exogenous regulating substances on cotton fruiting. The results were as follows:Seedcotton yield was changed by spraying "BF-1", Sper, CC, NAA, PG, 6-BA. Seedcotton yield of bolls in hot days and early autumn were increased by PG and BF-1, that in hot days by CC and Sper; that in all time by 6-BA and NAA. At the same time yield composition factors was changed. Number of boll was increased by "BF-1", boll weight was decreased by Sper; boll weight was increased by CC, both number and weight of boll were increased by NAA, PG and 6-BA.Mechanism of cotton fruiting was changed by spraying the exogenous regulating substances. 1) Intensity of fruit retention and retained boll percentage were changed by all treatments. Those in 7-14(21) days after spraying was increased by "BF-1" and PG, those in 7-21(28) days by CC and Sper, those after 14 days by NAA and 6-BA. 2) Spatio-temporal distribution of cotton boll was changed by all treatments. The number of bolls in hot days and early autumn was increased by "BF-1" and PG, that in hot days by Sper and CC, that in hot days and autumn by NAA and 6-BA; that on lower and middle branches by "BF-1", Sper, PG and CC, that on middle and upper branches by NAA and 6-BA. 3) Dry matter accumulation in boll and boll weight were changed. Capacity of transporting nutrition from boll shell to seedcotton and dry matter accumulating intensity of seedcotton were improved by CC, NAA, PG, 6-BA, "BF-1" but Sper, boll weight on lower and middle branches was raised by "BF-1", that on every part was decreased by Sper, that on every part was raised by CC and NAA, that on middle and upper branches was increased by PG and 6-BA.Matter basis of cotton fruiting was changed. Intensity of dry matter accumulation in reproductive organ in 0-45, 0-30, 0-30, 15-75, 0-75, 15-75 days after spraying was intensified by "BF-1", Sper, CC, NAA, PG and 6-BA respectively .Partitioning ratio of dry matter in reproductive organ was increased by all treatments but Sper. Maximal LAIand time of LAI >3 were increased by all treatments but CC.Physiological activity of cotton was regulated by spraying those exogenous regulating substances. All treatments but Sper were useful to increase Chlorophyll content, ratio of nitrogen, soluble protein content ,ammo acid content, capacity of preventing oxidation, functional period, net photosynthetic rate and capacity of metabolizing photosynthetic matter of cotton leaf, capacity of metabolizing nutrition in boll shell and cotton fiber. Spraying them changed content of hormone in young boll.更多还原