【作者】 高清华；

【导师】 章镇； 叶正文；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 果树学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 树势调控，改善设施内的光照通风条件，协调树体营养生长与生殖生长之间的平衡，这是设施果树优质高产稳产的关键。限根栽培和应用PP333控冠在平衡树势、协调果树营养生长与生殖生长的矛盾中起关键作用，对限根和PP333控冠技术及其生理基础的研究具有重要的理论和应用价值。 本研究以一、二年生玉露蟠桃（Prunus Persica Var. platycarpa）和油桃（Prunus Persica var. Nectarina）早红宝石、沪油018、沪油004幼树及7年生沪油004成龄树为试材。定植同时，作限根处理：定植穴直栽（容积0.21m³/株），编织袋限根（容积0.067m³/株，网孔小于1cm），竹筐限根（容积0.0567m³/株，网孔小于3cm），无纺布限根（规格0.5kg/m²，厚0.20mm，容积折算合计0.5m³/株）。果树生长季节不同浓度PP333控冠处理，浓度范围0～1500mg/l。完全随机区组，每区组重复30次。研究结果如下： 1 不同油桃品种对限根处理的敏感程度沪油018＞早红宝石＞沪油004，早红宝石、沪油004采用编织袋限根对果树生长发育比较有利，而沪油018以竹筐限根更为合适；不同限根处理对同一品种的生长和结果调控作用明显不同，以早红宝石为例编织袋限根效果最明显，幼树形成各类结果枝数及其所占总枝数的百分率均比竹筐限根提高，与对照差异达到极显著水平；编织袋限根对果枝形成的促进效应最明显，总花芽数/总枝数、当年生枝土形成花芽数/叶芽数最多，对幼树枝条生长（伸长和加粗）抑制作用最明显。限根能够改良树冠内叶片的水平分布、叶倾角，降低光在冠层内的损失。限根对幼树当年生枝叶片可溶性蛋白含量、可溶性糖含量、叶绿素含量和叶干重的变化动态有明显影响。不同限根处理沪油004幼树叶片可溶性糖含量均表现为双峰曲线，竹筐限根峰值出现比其它处理提前一个多月。 2 限根对幼树光合特性的影响：限根后叶片Pn均随PPFD的增加而升高，但增加的幅度有很大差异；对照条件下，当PPFD达到800μmol.m^-2．s^-1时Pn的变化趋于平缓。而编织袋和竹筐限根处理的饱和光强分别为1200μmol.m^-2.s^-1和1600μmol.m^-2.s^-1。限根可以通过降低Tleaf而极明显地提高叶片WUE。 3 PP333处理后叶片蛋白质含量和叶绿素含量均有不同程度的提高，展叶后叶施PP333能增加比叶重、叶干重和叶片展开速率，PP333对不同品种叶片可溶性蛋白含量的效应曲线明显不同。 4 油桃幼树叶片Pn的季节性变化呈双峰曲线,PP333累积施用浓度达到1500mg/l能明显提高生长后期叶片Pn,达到2000mg/l后则一定程度上降低了叶片Pn；750mg/l处理效果明显优于其它浓度和对照，叶片Ci和Gs的季节变化曲线起伏不大呈现典型的双峰曲线，主峰出现在花后190d（9月），次峰在花后98d（6月）。不同浓度PP333处理后，幼树叶片PUE的季节变化均呈现单峰曲线，峰值在花后158d；叶片Tr明显高于对照，而WUE则低于对照；对Tleaf、Gs和VpdL的季节变化影响与对照差异不明显。 5 随着PP333浓度的增加，枝条营养生长明显受到抑制，抑制作用持续1个月左右；PP333可明显提高中、长果枝的花芽密度和座果率，提高果实中可溶性固形物含量、可溶性蛋白和Vc含量；但游离总氨基酸含量低于对照，且随着施用浓度的递增游离总氨基酸含量递减。PP333处理能够改良树冠內叶片的水平分布、叶倾角，降低光在冠层内的损失，有利于提高果树群体光能利用率。油、蟠桃设施栽培关键技术及其生理基础研究6相同限根处理，不同浓度PP333处理对树高、冠幅和干粗的抑制作用明显;编织袋限根辅之以中等浓度PP 333控冠处理对冠幅和树高有明显影响.无纺布限根设施栽培中，随着PP 333浓度的递增，幼树单株平均果实数、产量和平均亩产量均呈增加趋势;幼树的果枝率增加，枝条节间长缩短.限根与PP333控冠处理对不同品种座果的影响沪油0 04>沪油018>早红宝石.产曰民同时以较低浓度PP333处理，可以增加树冠LAI、MF认、TDP、Tr和K，降低光在冠层内的损失.70一75om留l范围内，叶片L场人、Chla、Chlb、C址（a+b）随PP333浓度的增加而增加，超过1 00omg/l时Chia、Chib、Chi（a+b）则随Pp333施用浓度的递增而持续下降，但chi（的）的比值略有回升.限根与PP333以soom幼叶面喷施后，叶片可溶性糖含量明显提高。500一1 25om幼浓度范围内，叶片可溶性蛋白含量随PP333浓度递增而增加。更多还原

【Abstract】 The control of ambient condition(light, temperature, humidity and gas) and the regulation of fruit development, especially the coordination the balance between its vegetative and reproductive growth are crucial for high yield and high quality of fruits cultivated in greenhouse. This research were aimed to study the practical benefits of some novel methods for growth control, to highlight possible negative effects, particularly on fruit quality, growth, photosynthesis, and to improve our understanding in the effects of root confinement and Paclobutrazol(PP333) foliar spraying in canopy development control. Moreover, to study the characteristics of fruit development and the morphological and physiological acclimation in the protected cultivation, will surely be beneficial for screening improved varieties of special peach in greenhouse.This study was performed during a period of three years (2002~2004) on seedlings of Prunus Persica Var. Platycarpa , Prunus Persica var. Nectarine Zaohongbaoshi, HuYou004,018 and seven-year-old fruiting Nectarine cv. HuYou004 in Shanghai. Trees were trained to central leaders and planted at an in-row spacing of 1m with 1.5m, 2m between rows. When planting, different ways of root confinement were performed as: control-trees set in holes dug with a shovel just large enough to accommodate the root system(volume0.21m3/plant); root-restriction using nylon membranes with a mesh size of 10mm (volume 0.067m3/plant); root-confinement using bamboo basket with a mesh size of 30mm (volume 0.0567m3/plant); root-restriction using non-woven synthetic fabric(standard 0.5kg/m2, thick 0.20mm, volume 0.50m3/plant).During fruit growth, Paclobutrazol was further applied through sequential foliar spraying(0~1500mg/l at the end of Stage I, once again 30 days later). The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 10~ 30 replications, depending on the characteristic measured. The main results as following: 1 The sensitivity of different Nectarine varieties to root confinement was obviously distinct: Nectarine cv. HuYou018 > Zaohongbaoshi > HuYou004.Root-restriction using nylon membranes was revealed to be applicable for regulation of fruit growth and development in Nectarine Zaohongbaoshi and HuYou004, while root confinement using bamboo basket was suitable for Nectarine HuYou018. Besides, the effects of different root confinement ways were obviously different for the same Nectarine cv.. Take Zaohongbaoshi as an example, root-restriction significantly affected total number of all sorts of fruiting branches and the percentage of total fruiting branches in all branches, the above two parameters for plants grown in nylon membranes were larger than those in bamboo basket containers and control. Root-confinement using nylon membranes significantly reduced shoot vegetative growth both in elongation and enlargement. Also, root constriction could improvedhorizontal distribution, MFIA, TDP of leaves in canopy and reduce the loss of light in crown. Moreover, root confinement has significantly affected leaf soluble protein, dry weight of leaves in one-year shoots. The results further indicated: the seasonal variation of soluble carbohydrates content in leaf peaked twice hi plants treated with root confinement. And the temporal changes in soluble carbohydrate content peaked about one month earlier in - bamboo basket confinement than that in other treatments.2 To characterize gas exchange of young Nectarine trees hi response to root confinement was aimed to enhance our understanding of the physiological changes underlying growth repression. Pn in leaf went up as light intensity ascending, but the degree of Pn increase was significantly different among treatments. Pn of Nectarine was saturated at around 800 mol.m-2.s-1treated in control, 1200 mol.m"2.s"’inroot-restriction using nylon membranes and 1600 mol.m-2.s"1 in using bamboo basket respectively. And leaf WUE was enhanced obviously through reducing the Tleaf of plants treated with root confinement.3 PP333 foliar spraying significantly increa更多还原