【作者】 刘国瑜；

【导师】 卞新民； 唐正元；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 农业推广， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 长期以来，我国农村存在着大量剩余劳动力，这不仅制约了农民增收、农业以及农村经济的发展，而且制约了整个国民经济的发展。因此，必须尽快实现农村劳动力的合理有序转移，千方百计保障农民充分就业。但是，我国农村劳动力由于质量普遍较低，无论通过何种途径转移，都需要通过教育和培训来提高素质，才能适应新的产业部门的需要。因此，研究农村劳动力转移与农村教育的关系，寻求与农村劳动力转移相适应的有效的农村教育措施，具有十分重要的理论和现实意义。 农村劳动力转移是指农村劳动力由农业向非农产业、由当地向外地、由农村向城镇的单向转移，其内涵包括职业、劳动生活区域、居住区域、思维方式和生活习惯的转变。农村教育是指为农村发展服务的各级各类教育。我国农村人口众多，劳动力明显过剩，因此，必须尽快转移农村劳动力。但由于农村劳动力文化素质不高、技能缺乏、观念落后等，严重制约着其合理有序转移。从目前我国农村劳动力转移的状况看，还存在着转移严重不足、层次不高、组织化程度低、具有明显的兼业性等问题，这都与农村劳动力质量偏低相关。在我国，实现农村劳动力转移，对提高农民收入、实现农业现代化、提高农村人口素质、控制人口增长等有着深刻的影响。 农村劳动力转移与农村教育密切相关，我国农村劳动力之所以能大量向非农产业和城镇转移，其中一个根本原因，就是因为我国农村教育的发展。通过对我国农村劳动力转移的教育分析，揭示出发展农村教育是加速农村劳动力转移的关键，新中国成立以来特别是改革开放以来，我国农村教育事业的改革与发展取得了令人瞩目的巨大成就。在提高劳动力素质、推动经济社会发展方面起到了十分重要的作用，并在促进农村劳动力转移过程中成为一支不可替代的推进力量。但总的来说，农村教育的发展水平还非常落后，还存在着诸多与农村劳动力转移不相适应的问题：农村基础教育薄弱、职业教育亟待加强、农业推广质量有待提高、劳动力转移培训重视不够、农民工子女受教育权得不到保障等。农村劳动力的转移对农村教育提出了更高的要求，呼唤着农村教育为之服务。因此，为尽快提高农村劳动力素质，加速其合理有序转移，必须大力推进农村教育创新，积极发展农村教育事业：强化农村基础教育、大力发展农村职业教育、积极发展农业推广事业、加强农民工教育与培训、保障农民工子女受教育权利。更多还原

【Abstract】 There has been a lot of surplus labor in Chinese rural region for a long time. It not only restricts the growth of farmer income and the development of agriculture and rural economy but also the development of the whole national economic. So it is necessitous to transfer the rural labor reasonably and orderly in order to ensure the full employment of the farmer by every possible means. No matter what kind of way to migrate, education and training is essential means to improve the labor quality and meet the needs of new agricultural sector under the condition of the generally relatively low quality of rural laborer, It is great meaningful in theory and realism to study the relationship between the rural labor migration and education and to seek the effective measure of rural education to adapt to rural labor migration.Rural labor migration is one-way migration from agriculture to the non- agricultural industry and from local places to other places and from countryside to cities and towns including the conversion in occupation and labor and live region and dwell region and thought way and habits and customs. Rural education involves all education serves the rural development. With a large population and obvious surplus labor in our countryside, we must put rural labor migration into practice as quickly as possible. But several factors restrict the realization of reasonable and orderly migrating of rural labor such as low cultural quality and lack of skills and conception lag behind and etc. Through the current statement of rural labor migration, we can see some problems such as seriously insufficient migrating and low level and organization and evident one and concurrently family property and etc, which are all due to the low rural labor quality. In our country, the realization of the rural labor migrating has great influence in increasing farmer income and realizing Agricultural modernization and improving rural population quality and controlling the growth of population and so on.Rural labor migration is closed related with rural education. One of the ultimate cause that rural labor can migrate to the non-agricultural industry and to cities and towns is the development of rural education .The thesis reveals that it is the development of ruraleducation that is the key to promote the migrating of rural labor through educational analysis of rural labor migration in China .It has got great achievements in the reform and development of rural educational undertakings since the establishment of China especially since the reform and opening-up .We can affirm that rural education plays an important role in improving the labor quality and promoting the development of economic society and also becomes irreplaceable promotion strength. Generally speaking, Development level of rural education is still lag behind and also exists following problems that can’t be adapt to it: insufficiency in effective supply of rural basic education; hardship of vocational education; low quality in agricultural extension; inadequate emphasis on the labor migration training; obstacle in ensuring the educational right of the children whose parents are labors out-migrated from the rural and the like. The rural labor migration needs better rural education and appeals to the service of rural education .For the sake of improving the quality of rural labor and quickening the speed of reasonable and orderly migrating of rural labor, promoting the innovation of rural education and developing the rural educational undertakings is pressing. Since then we must attach importance to following aspects: strengthen the rural basic education; develop the rural vocational education and the agricultural extension; enforce the education and training of labors out-migrated from the rural; ensure the educational right of the children whose parents are labors out-migrated from the rural.更多还原