【作者】 梁志勇；

【导师】 刘汉超； 韩文喜；

【作者基本信息】 成都理工大学 ， 岩土工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 岩爆的预测和防治是地下深埋脆性围岩洞室的主要工程地质问题，并且一直缺乏定量的系统研究。随着工程建设的发展，岩爆的预测防治研究愈显重要性和紧迫性。 本文以锦屏二级水电站引水隧洞为研究对象，结合前人的研究成果，采用系统分析的方法，基于地质力学原理，现场调研结合室内试验进行岩爆机制模式、岩爆预测及防治对策研究。 通过大量岩石强度试验分析表明了岩石强度的Weibull概率分布特征，运用统计损伤力学的平行杆模型，推出脆性岩石变形破坏的本构方程表达式，通过岩石单轴压缩试验曲线的拟合，论证了模型的合理性，进而与岩石典型变形破坏曲线进行对照，得出岩爆在统计损伤力学意义上就是岩体损伤发展、损伤应变能释放的过程，岩爆烈度与损伤变量和应变能释放率的演化具有对应关系。 基于岩爆的统计损伤机理，推出洞室岩爆宏观量化预测的概率模型，用以预测不同应力条件下各级岩爆的发生概率，经长探硐岩爆实录验证，该模型是合理有效的。通过地质综合方法、概率方法以及神经网络的非线性方法对引水隧洞各洞段可能发生的岩爆烈度进行预测，预测结果基本一致，表明预测结果是较为可靠的。根据概率模型计算，预测了引水隧洞各洞段不同烈度岩爆的发生长度。 通过加固措施的数值模拟研究，锚杆在岩爆防治中所起的作用主要是止裂并促使应力向围岩深部转移。锚固措施作用下，浅部围岩应力集中范围有所改善，锚杆在达到一定长度后不在发挥作用，锚杆加密对岩爆防治具有更明显的作用。应力释放孔对于改善围岩应力状态有明显效果，可以有效促使洞壁围岩应力向深部转移，是防治强烈及强烈以上岩爆的有效措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 The prediction and prevention of rockburst are the key problems of engineering geology in deep lying tunnel of brittle rockmass and need to be quantizing studied systematically. With the development of engineering construction, these problems are more necessary and important than before.This paper studies the Jinping II Hydropower Station. Reference to the former achievement, using system analysis and being based on geomechanics, mechanism, prediction and treatment are researched.Large number of datum of the uniaxial compressive strength of rock have characteristic of Weibull probability distribution. Based on the parallel poles model of statistic mechanism, the constitutive equation of the brittle rock is deduced and the theoretic curve and test curve fit well. Compared to typical deforming curve of brittle rock, a conclusion is obtained that mechanism of rockburst is a process of damage developing and strain energy releasing, and intensity of rockburst is correspondence to the evolution of damage variable and damage energy release rate.Based on the statistic damage mechanism of rockburst, a probability model which can reflects the principal regularity of tunnel’s rockburst is deduced and it can predict the probability of rockburst intensity of all levels under the different crustal stress. The factual rockburst of the exploratory shows that this prediction model is available. By geology comprehensive analysis, probability model and neural network predict the rockburst intensity which probably happens in different segment of Jinping diversion tunnel and the three results are generally accordant. The length of different rockburst intensity of every segment of diversion tunnel is predicted according to the probability model.By finite element method (FEM) research on bolting, rockbolt play the role of preventing crack development and stress transfer to deep-seated rockmass. Reducing the spacing between of bolts has a better effect to prevent rockburst than lengthening bolts. The hole for release of stress is an effective method to prevent heavy rockburst because it make the stress transfer to deep-seated rockmass effectively.更多还原