【作者】 胡宾鑫；

【导师】 方万； 周蓉生；

【作者基本信息】 成都理工大学 ， 测试计量技术及仪器， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 研究表明：野外地面γ射线能谱测量主要研究地壳岩石土壤中产生的能量约为30KeV～3000KeV的γ射线，这里面包含着铀、钍、钾等天然放射性核素信息，核工程活动产生的大量人工放射性核素信息以及γ射线与地壳相互作用产生的相关信息。而其中获取和处理γ射线能谱多道数据的γ射线能谱数据采集系统的研究则是其中重要的课题之一。 随着电子技术新成果的不断引入，如采用新型低功耗集成电路、ASIC集成电路、微处理器技术等，核能谱数据采集系统的功能日益强大，性能也日趋完善，而计算机技术的迅速发展，为核能谱数据采集系统实现智能化、微机化等提供了必要条件。 论文在对目前广泛采用的γ谱数据采集系统硬件、软件架构研究的基础上，将USB技术应用于其中，并集中对γ谱数据采集系统的低功耗、实时性、高性能等设计进行了研究和探讨。 与国内外现有的γ谱数据采集系统相比，本论文研究成果具有以下特色和创新： (1)通信接口采用USB总线接口，充分利用USB技术的优点，提高了数据的传输速度和可靠性，并实现“热拔插”和“即插即用”。 (2)微控制器扩展电路采用PSD器件，并配合其它低功耗设计，增强了可靠性，降低了功耗，并实现了JTAG-ISP功能。 (3)利用专业模拟电路仿真软件PSPICE对模拟电路进行电路仿真测试，为电路的参数选择、性能分析等方面提供了理论测试依据，缩短了开发周期，降低了开发成本。 (4)微控制器固件程序采用高级编程语言C51进行模块化设计，从而降低了设计难度，并方便升级和维护。 经初步试验，本系统工作稳定可靠，操作简易方便，各项性能指标达到预期目标，能够满足地面γ射线能谱测量的要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is important that study gamma-ray spectrometry of field rock and soil in the earth’s crust. Its energies range between 30KeV and 3000KeV, where there is much information of natural radioactive nuclides, such as uranium, thorium, potassium, and information of artificial radioactive nuclides, such as cesium, americium, cobalt, and information of the results in interaction between gamma-ray and earth’s crust. Studying of gamma-ray data acquisition system is one of important items, which is used to acquire and process gamma-ray spectrometry data.With the introduction of new pattern productions of electronic technology, such as new and low power integrated circuits, programmable application specific integrated circuits, microprocessor, etc, the function of nuclear spectrometry data acquisition system is stronger than before. Synchronously, with the development of computer technology, it is possible that nuclear data acquisition system becomes intelligent and smart.This paper is based on the study of hardware and software’s architecture of normal gamma-ray data acquisition system, which is used widely at present. Furthermore, we focus on the design of gamma-ray data acquisition system with universal serial bus interface (USB), which has the characteristics of lower power, real time and good performance, etc.There are some advantages compared with existing gamma-ray data acquisition system:(1) USB is used for communication interface. The benefits of USB are taken advantage of. The transfer rate and reliability of data increase vastly, in addition, plug-and-play is realized.(2) PSD technology is used for Microcontroller’s peripheral circuit, which has the function of In-System-Programmable (ISP). Moreover, other low power designs are realized. All these efforts have effectively reduced the power of the system.(3) Professional analog circuit emluator is used for analog circuit design, which makes lower cost and shorter time than before.(4) Advanced programme language c51 is used for microcontroller firmware design. The design, the maintenance and upgrade become easier.The simple test shows that this system is reliable and is very easy to use. Its all kinds of performances have achieved the goals as expected, which can satisfy the needs of gamma-ray spectrometry of field.更多还原