采用一系列物质为电子媒介体纳米金颗粒增强新型葡萄糖生物传感器的研究

【作者】 李群芳；

【导师】 袁若；

【作者基本信息】 西南师范大学 ， 分析化学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 糖尿病是世界性的多发病和常见病。它严重地威胁着人类的健康，是仅次于心血管病和癌症的第三大危险疾病。因此糖尿病的诊断和治疗是全世界生物医学工程界面临的重大课题。葡萄糖生物传感器具有选择性高、简便、快速的特点，是检测葡萄糖浓度最常用的方法。为提高传感器的性能，一个发展方向是制备直接电子传递的第三代电流型葡萄糖生物传感器。目前把利用导电聚合物或导电有机盐制备的酶电极叫做直接电子传递的生物传感器。但是这些研究都处于初始阶段，同时也在探索新型第三代传感器的制备方法。传感器发展的另一个方向是微型化、集成化，微型化迫切需要提高传感器电流响应。因此，寻找新材料、新方法制备电流响应值高的新型直接电子传递生物传感器非常必要。 本文的思路是采用亲水金颗粒来固定化酶，研究纳米金在电流型葡萄糖生物传感器中的应用，同时采用一系列具有电活性的物质作为电子媒介体与之结合起来构成了新型的葡萄糖生物传感器。纳米金属颗粒具有比表面积大、表面自由能高。因此酶可在纳米颗粒表面得到强有力的固定。同时，金纳米具有很好的生物相容性，并且是电的良导体，可在葡萄糖氧化酶的氧化还原中心（FAD）与电极之间传递电子。虽然制备出的电极表现出极好的稳定性和寿命，但相对较高的检测电压，其他物质易对其干扰。为了克服这个缺点，本文分别采用具有电活性的萘酚绿、天青Ⅰ、以及合成的Co（bpy）₃（ClO₄）₃放入测试底液中作为电子媒介体，提高葡萄糖传感器的灵敏度和线性范围。实验证明，引入了新的电子媒介体后，该传感器的灵敏度显著提高，线性范围显著加宽，能有效的消除抗坏血酸和尿酸等的干扰。应用与人体血清中葡萄糖含量的测定，效果令人满意。更多还原

【Abstract】 Diabetes mellitus is a common and frequently-occurring disease, which seriously menaces the healthy of the human beings. Therefore, the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes mellitus is a heavy responsibility for the biomedical engineering field of the world. Glucose biosensor is the major technique for glucose analyses in clinical practice. For the advantages of glucose biosensors are obvious: high specificity, short time, simplicity and low cost of analysis, etc. One of the developments of glucose biosensor is the third generation amperometric enzyme electrode with direct electron transfer, which is commonly prepared by conducting organic salts and conducting polymers. Development of a third generation enzyme electrode is one of the long-term goals of biosensor program in the world. It is very necessary to search new methods to prepare the third generation biosensor. Another development of biosensor is miniaturization and integration. For the purpose, glucose biosensors have to overcome the problem topic: to enhance the current response. Therefore, it is very essential to explore new materials and methods for preparation of new direct electron transfer biosensor with high response.In the present thesis, we make use of hydrophilic gold to immobilize enzyme, investigate the use of colloidal gold for amperometric biosensor. At the same time, we take advantage of some substances those have electroactivities as electron transfer mediators with gold nanoparticles to compose novelty glucose biosensors. Nanoparticles can play an important role in adsorption of enzyme due to the large specific surface area and high surface free energy, at the same time, there is evidence that enzyme adsorb tightly to the surface of the gold particles while retaining their enzymatic and electrochemical activity. Although the electrodes exhibited excellent stability and long lifetime, the operation potential of glucose determination may introduce interference in real biological samples. In order to overcome this drawback, the electron transfer mediators were explored, we select Nathpol Green B, Azure, tris-2, 2’-dipyridylcobalt(III) perchlorate trihydraie in glucose solution as electrontransfer mediators to improve the glucose biosensor’s sensitivities and linear scope. The result of our experiment indicated the novel biosensors exhibite excellent electrochemical characteristics to glucose with substantial improvement in sensitivity, low detection limit, stability and anti-interferer. And the result of determination of the human serum is satisfied.更多还原