【作者】 闫明；

【导师】 钟章成；

【作者基本信息】 西南师范大学 ， 生态学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本实验以不同大小、处于不同坡向的典型片断化常绿阔叶林为对象，并以连续常绿阔叶林作对照，在缙云山进行了植物群落调查、群落小气候观测以及样地土壤肥力的测定。主要研究以下内容：(1)片断和连续常绿阔叶林的外貌、结构和物种组成特征；(2)片断和连续常绿阔叶林的物种多样性、丰富度和均匀性；(3)片断和连续常绿阔叶林的科(?)属水平的植物区系成分；(4)片断和连续常绿阔叶林生活型组成；(5)在不同的水平梯度格局上(林外、林缘和林内)，片断和连续常绿阔叶林的小气候要素(光照、温度、风速、湿度等)；(6)片断和连续常绿阔叶林的环境和土壤因子，与群落的物种多样性之间的关系。 实验结果表明： (1)各片断森林的外貌特点基本上和连续森林一致。各片断森林总的来说也分三个亚层，但层次结构不明显；有些面积较小的片断，层次结构不完整，如猿哮峰，第一亚层的植物较少。群落郁闭度不如连续森林大，植物种类也不如连续森林丰富，而且其中夹杂着一些针叶树。常绿成分种类组成不如连续森林丰富，针叶成分数量上较连续森林的多。片断森林的灌木层种类不如连续森林丰富。有些片断森林只是边缘的草本较多，林内的草本种类较少。片断森林林间草本种类较少，但林缘草本种类较丰富，特别是一些广布种。面积较小的片断森林中苔藓植物种类和数量都较少，但是林内藤本植物种类和数量有所增多。 (2)在与连续森林的比较上，总的来说，这几个片断森林的物种多样性指数均较连续森林低，不同的生活型表现不一样。乔木的多样性指数随人为干扰的增加而降低，但复兴寺多样性指数比对照样地小。幼树和灌木的多样性指数随干扰加剧和片断化隔离时间的增加而呈降低趋势。草本植物的多样性指数在复兴寺、聚云峰和猿啸峰较连续森林高，在其它片断森林则较低。绪云山生境片断化对常绿阔叫林生物多样性的形响 (3)片断森林和连续森林植物区系科的地理成分构成变化不是很大，而属的地理成分构成有一些变化。在属的地理成分上，片断森林中全热带分布和热带亚洲至热带非洲分布成分比例相对增高，而热带亚洲成分相对减少。 (4)片断森林中，中高位芽植物比例减少，小高位芽植物和藤木植物以及地上芽植物比例明显增高。 (5)①各片断森林斑块边缘均存在着明显的小气候边缘效应。林缘气温及日较差、地表温及日较差、相对湿度日较差、最大风速、光和有效辐射等均较林内的高或大，其中干季较小的两个斑块林缘最高气温及其日较差还高于林外，呈现出较强的边缘增温效应。②干季部分小气候要素，如最高、最低气温林缘与林内的差别、光和有效辐射林缘与林内的差别、最小相对湿度林缘与林内的差别均是高于或大于雨季的相应值，而部分小气候要素，如地表最高温度林缘与林内的差别则是雨季强于二F.季。③各森林斑块小气候边缘效应相比，以最大斑块波及林内的深度最浅(约至林内15m)、最小斑块波及林内的深度最深(约至林内25m)。 (6)不同的片断森林生态系统功能与多样性的关系不尽相同，就水源涵养功能而一言，土壤含水量等表征土壤水源涵养功能的物理性质指标，将随着物种多样性的增加而得到改善;部分土壤营养功能指标(如有机质含量和N、P、K含量等)也是随着物种多样性的增加而增加:小气候指标(如气温及日较差、地表温及日较差、相对湿度日较差、最大风速、光和有效辐射等)也随着森林片断化程度的变化而有相应的变化。更多还原

【Abstract】 The plant communities were surveyed, and the microclimates were observed, and the soil fertilities were determined in Jinyun Mountain in a series of fragmental evergreen broadleaved forests with different size and slope aspect, in comp" is n with continuous evergreen broadleaved forest. The following contents were mainly studied: (1) Aspect , structure as well as characteristic of species composition between fragmental evergreen broadleaved forests and continuous evergreen broadleaved forest; (2) Species diversity, species abundance and species evenness between fragmental evergreen broadleaved forests and contin ..us evergreen broadleaved forest; (3) Plant floristic compositions at family and genus levels between fragmental evergreen broadleaved forests and continuous evergreen broadleaved forest; (4) Life form between fragmental evergreen broadleaved forests and continuous evergreen broadleaved forest; (5) Microclimate factor (sun radiation, temperature, wind velocity, humidity) in different level pattern (open, edge and interior) between fragmental evergreen broadleaved forests and continuous evergreen broadleaved forest; (6) The relations between environment and soil factors as well as species diversity of forest community between fragmental evergreen broadleaved forests and continuous evergreen broadleaved forest.The result of experiment showed that:(1) The aspect of fragmental evergreen broadleaved forests is the same as that of continuous evergreen broadleaved forest on the whole. Every fragmental evergreen broadleaved forest is divided three sublayer, however, their structure of layers are not dear, some fragmentations with less areas, are not integral, such as Yuanxiao peak. There are less plants in the first sublayer. The close canopy of fragmental evergreen broadleaved forest community is less than the one of continuous evergreen broadleaved forest, and the plant species of fragmental evergreen broadleaved forest community are also less than those of continuous evergreen broadleaved forest, and there are some conifers in the fragmental evergreen broadleaved forests. Species compositions of evergreen element in the fragmental evergreen broadleaved forests are less rich and conifers are more than those in the continuous evergreen broadleaved forest. The plant species of shrub in the fragmental evergreen broadleaved forests are less rich than those in the continuous evergreen broadleaved forest. Some of these fragmentations have more rich grass quantity at the forest fringe and less rich grass numbers at the forest interior. The grass species are the same as the grass quantities, some species of extensive distribution especially are this case. Some fragmentations with less area have less moss in species kind and quantity, whereas they have more rich lianas not only in species but also in number.(2) In general, in comparison with continuous evergreen broadleaved forest, these fragmentation forest have smaller species diversity index, and different life forms have different represents. Diversity index of tree layer decrease with the increase of mankind disturbance, however, the diversity index ofFuxingshi is less than comparison plot, it is likely that there are some history reasons, or the quantities of potential settlers are less, and it is far from species source plot or there are some interactions between these species in the communities. The index of diversity of grass is larger in Fuxingsi, Juyunfeng and Yuanxiaofeng than that of continuous evergreen broadleaved forest, however, it is smaller in other fragmental evergreen broadleaved forests.(3) There is not clear different in geographic composition of plant floristic family between continuous and fragmental evergreen broadleaved forests. In generic geographic composition, The proportions of Pantropic distribution and Tropic Asia to Tropic Africa distribution are relatively increased, however, Tropic Asia distribution is relatively decreased.(4) The proportion of the Mesophanerophyte decreased, The proportions of the Microp更多还原