马克思的社会形态理论与当代中国转型期的经济改革

【作者】 高强；

【导师】 任暟；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 马克思主义哲学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 在一定社会物质生产力基础上各种经济关系的总和构成了社会经济结构，在这个经济结构的现实基础上，建立起来的法律、政治上层建筑和社会意识形态，即生产力、生产关系、政治上层建筑和社会意识形态四种社会因素的总和，构成了一个社会有机体，即社会形态。唯物史观社会形态理论是马克思在研究社会结构理论的基础上形成的，它旨在通过对社会结构各个要素之间矛盾运动的剖析，来揭示人类社会历史纵向发展过程内在的、本质的、必然的联系，从而指出社会形态演(?)最一般的规律。本文较为系统地介绍了马克思对社会历史的多维度透视，包括：以生产力、技术手段为标准划分历史为四阶段的观点；以生产关系为标准划分历史为五阶段的“五形态说”；以社会主体人的发展状况为标准(?)分历史为三阶段的“三形态说”。虽然三种划分历史的角度不同，但是都离不开社会生产力这一根本基础，且这些划分标准之间互为补充，相互依存，共同构成了社会形态理论的根本内容。进一步，论文揭示了马克思(?)会形态理论的方法论意义，论证了社会发展是合规律性与合目的性的辩证统一；社会发展道路是多样性和统一性的辩证统一；社会发展是主体向度和客体向度的辩证统一。而马克思这些关于社会发展规律性认识，不仅有助于我们进行社会转型期的历史定位，而且对我国社会转型期的经济改革实践也有着现实的指导意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The sum of all kinds of economical relations based on special social material productive forces forms social economical structure. On the practical base of economical structure, laws, political superstructure and social ideology , namely, the sum of 4 social elements of productive forces, relations of production, political superstructure and social ideology are established, which form a social organism ,namely, social mode. One of historical materialism, social modes theory was established by Marx and Engels firstly putting it on the base of social structure’s research .It aims to open out the inherent and certain relations of history development by analyzing the conflict of social elements, and at last it can draw a general law of society. To Marx, society is a complex system whose historical periods can be divided by different means. This is Marx’s perspective of multi-latitude on social history, which includes: the opinion of 5 modes which divides history and has relations of production as standards; the opinion of 3 modeswhich divides history and has the social main body--man’s development state asstandards. Though the 3 perspectives on history division are different, all of themcan not part from the fundamental base--social production forces, and the 3division standards complement one another dependent on one another and commonly form fundamental content of social mode theory. Furthermore, this paper talks about the methodology meaning of Marx’s opinion on social development laws. Social development is the dialectical unity of talliing with laws and talliing with aim; social development way is the dialectical unity of the latitude of main body and the latitude of subject. Marx’s opinion on social development laws has practical meanings to our country’s economical reforming practice of social changing stage and is useful to position ourselves during the social changing stage and supply theoretic guide to the reform during the stage of socialist changing.更多还原