聚氯乙烯膜材料改性及其界面性能研究

【作者】 陈均；

【导师】 高素莲；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 高分子化学与物理， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 聚氯乙烯(PVC)作为膜材料由于其疏水性而在应用中受到限制。本论文中，通过加入亲水性聚合物醋酸纤维素(CA)与PVC进行共混以提高PVC膜材料的亲水性，并对PVC／CA共混体系的相容性进行研究。以高效液相色谱为手段，研究共混前后PVC膜材料的亲水性和界面性能的变化。主要工作内容如下： 1．本论文介绍了膜分离技术的概况及聚氯乙烯膜分离材料的研究进展。在总结大量文献的基础上，提出以CA作为第二聚合物组分，选择溶液共混法对疏水性的PVC膜材料进行亲水化改性。 2．利用溶解度参数法、共溶剂法、稀溶液粘度法、折光指数法、玻璃化温度法和红外光谱法对PVC和CA的相容性进行探讨。结果表明：PVC和CA具有很好的相容性。 3．采用溶液共混法制备出了PVC／CA共混膜材料。通过溶剂化处理和筛选的方法制备出粒度均匀的PVC和PVC／CA膜材料颗粒，作为色谱柱的柱填料。 4．用高效液相色谱模拟膜分离过程中的平衡条件，研究了PVC和PVC／CA膜材料的亲水性和界面性能，发现CA共混改性后的PVC膜材料的亲水性得到了一定程度的改善，表明CA改性PVC膜材料亲水性是可行的。对PVC和PVC／CA共混膜材料的界面性能的分析表明均质的PVC膜材料对有机溶质有很强的排斥，因此可用来制造对极性有机溶质有高分离率的膜：PVC／CA对无机溶质的排斥力较PVC增强，更利于做脱盐膜材料。更多还原

【Abstract】 Due to the hydrophobicity of poly(vinyl chloride)(PVC), the application of PVC membrane was limited. In this paper, cellulose acetate (CA) was introduced as the second polymer component to hydrophilized PVC membrane material. The miscibility of PVC blends was investigated. The effect of the polymer blending on interfacial properties and hydrophilicity of poly(vinyl chloride) membrane material was studied by means of the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The main contents of this dissertation consist of the following points:1. The general situation of membrane separation technology and the research progress of PVC membrane materials were introduced. After reviewing a lot of literature, CA was selected as the second polymer component to hydrophilized PVC by solution blend.2. The miscibility of PVC blends in tetrahydrofuran(THF) were characterized by solubility parameter, dilute solution viscometry, refractive index and glass transition temperature, etc. The result indicated that PVC/CA blend system was miscible.3. Poly (vinyl chloride) /cellulose acetate blend membrane material was prepared by means of solution blend and was packed in the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) column after solvation treatment.4. Interfacial properties and hydrophilicity of PVC and PVC/CA blend were studied by HPLC. It was indicated that the hydrophilicity of PVC was increased by blending with CA, the separation efficiency of PVC for nondissociable organic solute was superior to that of PVC and PVC/CA as membrane material was better for desalination.更多还原