胡适实验主义方法再研究

【作者】 胡琴娥；

【导师】 汤奇学； 陆发春；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 专门史， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 怀疑——假设——求证是胡适治学方法三个最重要的构成部分。这一治学方法思路的最终确立在时间上有一形成过程，即由胚胎期，到形成期，到成熟期。在其方法有了成熟的理论形态后，胡适总结为十字箴言：“大胆的假设，小心的求证。”这种说法因其语言的简单明了，通俗易懂，因而流传最广，成为胡适治学方法的代名词。 胡适不仅竭力从理论上宣扬“大胆的假设，小心的求证”的实验主义方法，而且还将其付诸具体的学术研究当中。五四新文化运动时期，他在研究问题，输入学理，整理国故过程中所取得的成绩，无一不是因为运用方法的得当。尤其是用实验的方法考证《红楼梦》，开创了一代新红学；以历史的方法考证《水浒传》，所得出的结论至今仍为学界所认同。 胡适这一实验主义治学方法所产生的影响是深远的。他对这种科学方法的提倡，不仅激起了国人普遍重视方法的自觉意识，解构了自明末、晚清以来在中西文化关系问题上所形成的“中体西用”的僵化模式，而且克服了清代考据学的繁琐，提倡了一种大无畏的探索精神，使得“重新估定一切价值”成为评判传统文化最为响亮的口号。更多还原

【Abstract】 Suspecting -Hypothesizing -proving is the three most important components of the method that Hu Shih pursues scholarly work to solve. This one pursued scholarly work there was a forming process on time in the train of thought of the method , namely by the earlier age, developing age, formative age. After there was a ripe theory form in its method , Hu Shih summarized its method for "boldly hypothesize, carefully prove" .Because its’language is simple and clear for this kind of statement, easy-to-understand, it is widest to spread, and become Hu Shih pursue scholarly work pronoun of method.Hu Shih not merely did one’s utmost to advocate the experimental method of "boldly hypothesize, carefully prove" theoretically, but also put it into concrete academic research. In the New Culture Movement period of the May Fourth Movement, the obtained achievements of studying the question, inputing and studying the science, criticizing the National Past are of having one apt method . In particular ,criticizing " Dream of the Red mansions " of a text by the method of Experimentalism had created a new school for the study of "Dream of the Red mansions" ; Criticize of a text " the Water Margin " with method of history, conclusion that income produce still nobody surmounts so far.The influence produced of the method is far-reaching that Hu Shih’s experimental method pursues scholarly work. He recommended this kind of scientific method, had not merely evoked the conscientious consciousness that compatriots generally pay attention to the method, did it break the rigid mode of Chinese and Western culture intercommunion since the end of Ming Dynasty, late Qing to solve, overcome what textual criticism study tedious Qing Dynasty, recommend a kind of dauntless exploration spirit, make "Transvaluation of all values " become the loudest slogan of criticizing the traditional culture .更多还原