【作者】 杜立钊；

【导师】 师守祥；

【作者基本信息】 西北师范大学 ， 人文地理学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 当前世界上的发达国家已经完成了工业化和城市化过程，欠发达国家(地区)的城市化代表了当今城市化的主流。但是，欠发达国家和地区却经历着与西方发达国家极不相同的城市化过程。要么是“大城市病”和过度城市化，要么是城市化滞后于工业化。这反映了欠发达国家(地区)的城市化驱动机制是扭曲的。本文所探讨的城市化的驱动机制，主要是解答“不同的经济发展战略和经济发展绩效是如何影响并决定着城市化的过程、特征和绩效的”。更确切地讲，是描述一种因果关系，即“因”是怎样作用并导致产生了特定的“果”。“机制”不独立地等于“因”或等于“果”，而是由“因”到“果”过程机理。不同的国家和地区，不同的经济发展阶段，城市化驱动机制的内涵和所产生的绩效都是不同的。研究欠发达地区的城市化问题，从对其驱动机制的内涵、特征、演变趋势的解析入手，是非常好的一个角度。 在文章的第一部分，首先介绍了本文研究的背景、主题和基本思路，并解释了有关概念；其次是有关城市化的理论回顾与文献综述；最后介绍了文章的结构安排。 在文章的第二部分，对本文所研究的欠发达地区进行简单的界定和分类，并从本文研究的需要出发，描述了欠发达地区在经济发展过程中所具有的一些特殊情况，揭示了其城市化的独特背景条件，最后从一般意义上讨论了欠发达地区城市化过程中的普遍性难题及其基本原因。 在文章第三部分，以中国这样一个典型的欠发达国家为例，分析外生性和内生性城市化机制的作用过程和主要表现。首先从制度变迁和绩效表现的角度描述了中国城市化的历史过程和主要特征；其次，以一个计量模型来分析转型时期在两种城市化驱动机制交互作用下的城市化过程；最后指出坚定地推进市场化改革是重塑中国内生性城市化机制的首要选择。 在第四部分，首先对城市化绩效的评价标准进行探讨，其次对中国双轨城市化机制下城市化的空间特征及历史变迁进行描述；第三，分析了我国人口、产业及各种经济资源向沿海聚集的不可抗拒之势，揭示了中国未来城市化吸纳非农就业人口的主要地理区域和行业特征。最后讨论了中国城市化的空间战略问题，指出全国各地均衡推进城镇化战略的逆市场性和实践中的危害性。 第五部分总结文章的若干主要结论及政策意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The developed countries have finished their industrialization and urbanization, and the under-developed countries are now undergoing a process of urbanization which represents the main stream of today’s world urbanization, but is quite different from that of western countries. It consists of two kinds of circumstances: one is over-urbanized, the other is that the urbanization lagging behind the industrialization, which reflects that the driving mechanism of urbanization is improper or distorted. This paper will discuss how does different strategy of economic development and its institutions work at and effect on the process, characteristic and the performance of urbanization. In different countries or regions, at different levels and period of economic development, the core meaning and performance of driving mechanism of urbanization is also different. It is a good perspective to pose into the core meaning, characteristic, changing trend and performance of driving mechanism of urbanization in the study of under-developed countries’ urbanization.Chapter 1 introduces the background, theme, and the fundamental framework of this study; explains some perceptions related; reviews the previous literatures; then gives the organization and planning of this writing.Chapter 2 offers a brief classification of the under-developed regions this paper studies; describes some special circumstances taken place in the history of their economic development, investigates the special background and conditions of their urbanization; then discusses some prevalent problems emerged in the urbanization in under-developed countries and regions.Chapter 3 takes the whole China as an example, studies the performance of the endogenously determined mechanism and the exogenously determined mechanism of urbanization. First, describes the historic process and the main characteristic of China’s urbanization by the perspective of institutional change and performing effects. Second, discusses the urbanization determined by two kinds of driving mechanism in this transitioning period by a theoretic model. At last, points out that insisting on the advancing to market-economy firmly is the only great choice to reform and refresh the endogenously determined mechanism of urbanization in China.Chapter 4 discusses the estimating standards of the mechanism of urbanization; discusses the spatial distribution and its historical change of China’s urbanization driven by dual mechanism; analyses the un-prevented trend of the agglomeration of population, industries and all kinds of economic factors to eastern China; points out the main geographical regions and certain industries that will demand and absorb the large-sized non-agricultural employment in future urbanization, then discusses the spatial distribution strategy of urbanization in China.Chapter 5 gives some conclusions draw by previous study and their implications.更多还原