【作者】 罗怡；

【导师】 张应林；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 语篇体裁的概念源自genre一词。从20世纪70年代以来，文体学，篇章语言学和话语分析等领域的研究已从对语篇的语言平面的表层描述转向对语篇的宏观结构和交际功能的深层解释，并试图从语篇的体裁(genre)角度解析特定语篇所具有的特定的认知结构，这便构成了语篇分析和文体分析中的一个新课题，称作“体裁分析(genre analysis)”。本论文是一次语篇体裁分析实际操作的尝试，主要借鉴Swales提出的体裁分析模式，对美国总统就职演说这种具有代表性的，综合了口头语篇和书面语篇双重特点的genre进行了系统分析。 在论文的理论构建部分，作者首先介绍了近年来在体裁研究和体裁分析领域两个主要学派，即以Swales和Bhatia为代表的Swalesian School和以Martin为代表的Australian School各自的体裁观。作者指出，这两个学派对体裁的界定在本质上是一致的，他们都强调交际目的的决定性，体裁的常规性和属于同一体裁的语篇之间存在的差异性。在综合两个学派基本观念的基础上，作者提出了一个关于体裁的可操作性定义，为论文后面的研究服务：体裁是一种交际事件，其分类的标准是一整套为语篇社团所公认和共同遵守的交际目的。交际事件的表现形式为某种口头或书面语篇，而每一语篇都具有其特定的，为其交际目的所决定的体裁结构和语言特点。 体裁分析既涉及文体分析，又涉及语篇分析。分析过程主要从三个方面着手：确定交际目的，从而界定语篇；分析语篇组成部分，即“语步(move)”和用以实现每一语步的“策略(strategies)”，从而得出语篇的宏观体裁结构；分析语篇的语言特点，将语言使用特点和其交际目的联系起来。作者指出，传统的语篇分析，文体分析及语域分析只是停留在对语篇进行表层描写的阶段，没有能够解释人们在建构特定语篇时为什么都倾向于这样而不是那样谴词造句和谋篇布局。而体裁分析超越了对语篇语言特征的简单描述，力求解释语篇建构的理据，揭示语篇建构的规范性和实现交际目的的特殊方式。蜘硕士学位论文MAS’l’El毛’S’I’1 11:515 针对美国总统就职演说这一特定的体裁，作者分析了其所具有的多重交际 目的，即新当选总统简要说明其执政期间的执政指导原则，同时以求获取人民 群众对新政府及其本人的最大支持;并指出了其作为一种英语公众政治演说所 具有的特征，如其形式上兼具口语和书面语的双重特点;演说内容通常与时代 紧密联系;并往往多借助情感煽动(cmotional appeals)以获得成功，达到预期 目的等。 论文的实际分析主要在两个层面上进行。在第一个层面上，作者分析了就 职演说的宏观结构，作者的结论是，在体裁结构上，就职演说大都遵循3一move模式，既演说者在开头表明自己当选涟任的心情和决心，主干部分阐述其施政方针和目标，结尾则多号召人民共同行动，并乞求上帝保佑。在具体演说的过程中，不同的演说者会选用不同的策略来实现这三个语步。在第二个层面的分析上，作者讨论了就职演说的语言特点，主要从句法和修辞两个角度。在句法角度，作者指出，就职演说除具有其他公众政治性演一说一般的特点外，其自身最大的特点在于句子长度的变化，确切地说，句子长度呈递减趋势，而这是由于演说文体风格的转变，总统角色的转变和听众数量的变化所引起的。在修辞角度，作者主要讨论了演说中常见的修辞手段，如排比，修辞性疑问句等，并都辅之以原文中的例子加以说明。但作者同时指出，修辞手段的使用不是演说者最终的目的，而是其达到交际目的的手段，是由演说的交际目的所决定的。 作者认为，本文研究的意义在于用一种不同于传统分析途径的方式—体裁分析，分析了一种具有代表性和实际价值的体裁—美国总统就职演说。分析突破了对语篇语言现象的简单描述，而是旨在把握语篇建构背后的理据，即交际目的的基础上更好地揭示美国总统就职演说这一特定体裁语篇建构的规范性及实现交际目的的语言策略。更多还原

【Abstract】 The term "genre" ultimately is derived from the Latin word for "kind" or "class". It traditionally serves to indicate different kinds of literary and artistic works. In recent years, language educators and linguists have extended it to identify classes of language use and communication in all areas of life. Since 1970s, the focus in stylistics, text linguistics and discourse analysis has shifted from a surface-layered description of the lexical and syntactical features or formats of discourse to a deeper and multi-layered explanation of the macro-structures and communicative functions of discourse, and thus genre analysis emerges and becomes an important branch of discourse analysis. This thesis is a tentative endeavor to put the genre analysis theory into practice, and carries out an analysis of Presidential Inaugural Addresses (PIAs) within the framework established by Swales.To construct the theoretical basis for the whole thesis, the writer first introduces the genre theories held by the two major schools in the field of linguistics concerning this concept - the Swalesian School with the representatives of John M. Swales and Vijak K. Bhatia, and the Australian School with the representative of Jim R. Martin. After a careful examination and comparison of the definitions given by these two schools, the writer points out that the two schools actually define genre in an essentially similar way. Both of them consider the communicative purpose as the prototypical criterion for genre identity, and believe that genre is conventionalized and routinelike as well as generative. Adopting the basic viewpoints shared by the two schools, the writer proposes a working definition for the sake of the present study: Genre is a sociolinguistic communicative event characterized by a set of communicative purposes recognized by the members of the discourse community. Most of such events result in spoken or written discourse, and each has its own distinctive generic structure and linguisticcharacteristics which are determined by its communicative purposes.Genre analysis involves both stylistic analysis and discourse analysis. Generally speaking, it operates with three aspects: 1) communicative purpose - for defining the genre; 2) identification of obligatory identical move - to capture the structure of the genre; 3) rhetorical strategies for the linguistic realization of moves. Genre analysis aims to relate the linguistic features of a genre to the action they perform. Comparing genre analysis with other approaches people often adopt when analyzing discourse, the writer finds that traditional ways including discourse analysis, stylistic analysis are based solely on linguistic description, and fail to explain why certain texts have got certain features, whereas genre analysis lays greater emphasis on the communicative purpose(s), goes beyond the simple description of linguistic phenomena to the explanation of why certain texts tend to be constructed in certain ways, and tries to make clear the relationship between the communicative purpose(s) and the textual and lexico-grammatical features.In terms of the particular genre of PIAs, the writer first identifies its multi-layered communicative purposes - to enumerate briefly and justify the principles which will guide the newly-elected presidents in the administrative policy of the government; and more important to convince a national audience of their appropriateness and benefits, mold public opinion, inspire public action, present the new government in a favorable light and win the largest amount of applause and support. The writer then points out some general features of this genre. As far as the style is concerned, the particular public-speaking situation determines that this genre has the dual characteristics of both spoken and written discourse. As far as the content is concerned, the inaugurals are in close touch with the times when the presidents are elected and usually focus on the subjects that at that time chiefly engag更多还原