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阿特拉津对浮萍的毒理学效应及其降解代谢

Toxicological Effects of Atrazine on Lemna Minor and Its Degradation

【作者】 张爱清

【导师】 杨劭;

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 , 微生物, 2004, 硕士

【摘要】 阿特拉津是1952年开发的一种三嗪类除草剂,在世界80个国家得到了大面积使用。我国从20世纪80年代初开始使用,近年来使用面积也不断扩大。阿特拉津在环境中残效期较长,有一定水溶性而易于进入水环境,从而对水生态系统造成威胁。因此研究阿特拉津对水生生物个体和群落的毒理学效应、水生生物对阿特拉津的降解、评价其环境安全性、探讨其合理应用及清除是非常必要的。 本文以无菌浮萍为实验材料,研究了阿特拉津对浮萍生长及光合作用的影响。结果表明:阿特拉津对水生植物浮萍具有一定的毒害作用,且随着浓度的增加(0μg/L~500μg/L)其生长光合显示出明显的负效应,表现为生长速率、生长量均受到抑制。另外叶绿素a的含量与叶绿素b的含量比也呈下降趋势。由此可知,一定浓度的阿特拉津可影响浮萍的光合作用,并抑制其正常生长。 阿特拉津还对浮萍植株内的解毒酶和保护酶系统的活性有影响。实验发现:在阿特拉津影响下,过氧化物酶的活性出现先上升(0~100μg/L)后下降(100~500μg/L)的趋势,而其他三种酶类超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、谷胱肝肽-S-转移酶(glutathione-S-transferase,GST)和过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAH)都表现为明显地随阿特拉津浓度增加而升高的现象。这表明浮萍对阿特拉津的耐性较强,从而为应用浮萍降解阿特拉津提供了可能。 通过对浮萍降解阿特拉津的实验的研究表明:浮萍对阿特拉津确实有一定的降解能力。在初始浓度为10mg/L时,排除掉阿特拉津光解和水解的作用,一周后培养液中的阿特拉津为原来的95%。也就是说剩下的5%的阿特拉津被浮萍清除,并且其中的四分之三(即3.75%)被浮萍代谢降解。 同时本文还建立并研究了阿特拉津在水样及植株中的残留检测方法。检测结果表明:该方法的准确度、精密度和灵敏度等指标均符合农药残留分析的基本要求,同以往所报道的方法相比具有样品前处理过程相对简单,回收率高,重复性好等特点,适合于作为该品种的一种常规残留检测方法。

【Abstract】 Atrazine is a herbicide used largely all over the world. It has relatively high solubility in water and low degradability in the environment, which allows it readily enter aquatic environment and poses threat on aquatic ecosystems. So the aquatic toxicological studies about the uptake, bioaccumulation, effects and biodegradation of atrazine in aquatic organisms are important for the management. This research was carried out to investigate:(1) the effects of atrazine on the growth and photosynthesis of aquatic plant lemna minor,(2) the responses of antioxidant and detoxification enzymes in lemna minor to atrazine;(3) the bioaccumulation and degradation of atrazine by the aquatic angiosperm lemna minor. Futhermore, an analytical method for determining residues of atrazine in water and plants by HPLC was established.The results showed that atrazine can pose harmful effects on the macrophyte. And the growth of lemna minor and the content of chlorophyll a/b showed negative relationship with the concentration of atrazine. Futhermore, the peroxidase activity of lemna minor was enhanced in range of 0~100 u g/L and inhibited in range of 100~500ug/L. In contrast, the activities of antioxidant enzymes(superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase)showed positive relationship with the increase of the concentration of atrazine.The aquatic plant lemna minor showed ability to remove and metabolize atrazine. At 10 mg/L of the initial concentration of atrazine,5% of the atrazine was removed and 3.75% was degraded by the duckweed.

  • 【分类号】X173
  • 【被引频次】22
  • 【下载频次】386
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