【作者】 张昭理；

【导师】 胡金柱；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 计算机应用技术， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 统一建模语言(UML)是对象管理集团(OMG)的标准，是一种用于对软件密集型系统以及商业建模和非软件系统进行可视化、详述、构造和文档化的建模语言，主要适用于分析与设计阶段的系统建模。UML最主要的优点是表达软件系统的能力强、效率高。但UML的缺点是难以直接用数学工具对UML模型进行检验，另外UML在语义方面也存在一些不足。 作为软件系统建模的工具，Petri网的优点是：可以对一个系统的并发、同步行为以及资源共享建摸，而且有许多与Petri网相关联的对Petri网模型进行检测和行为分析的理论结果。Petri网的缺点是：开发者不容易绘制(特别是对于复杂系统的)Petri网图，并在对对象及对象间的关系建模时存在困难。 对复杂的并发系统进行有效建模要求有一套形式化体系，由它能获取系统的本质特性，如不确定性、同步性和并发性。Petri网提供一套清楚的具有并发性的形式化体系，但是缺乏彻底模块化的技术。而面向对象方法对高度可重用的和模块化的系统提供形式化体系，但是缺乏整体并发特性。于是许多人努力将Petri网和面向对象概念结合起来，以扬长避短，发挥各自的优势，形成一种更有效的软件建模技术。进一步深入的研究提出将UML与Petri网结合建模的解决方法是：用户先使用UML建模，然后将其转换为Petri网来验证。 在本文中，我们设计并讨论一个从UML动念模型到Petri网映射的实例，以获得一种灵活的、可定制的PBMUM方法(即基于Petri网的UML模型映射与验证方法)，去推断面向对象模型的动态方面的一些特性，并分析该模型的特定部分。本文提出的PBMUM方法的基本思想是采用与UML具有同等功能的Petri网的形式化语义规则去描述UML的主要元素。更多还原

【Abstract】 UML(Unified Modeling Language) is a standard of OMG(Object Management Group). And UML is a graphical language for visualizing, specifying, constructing, and documenting the artifacts of a software system, as well as for business modeling and other non-software systems. The advantage of UML is powerful enough to specify software system model visually and efficiently. The disadvantage of it is lacking a formal semantics and difficult to apply, directly, mathematical techniques on UML models for system validation.As a tool for Software System Modeling, Petri net has advantages: Allowing the modeling of concurrency, synchronization and resource sharing behavior of a system, and there are many theoretical results associated with Petri nets for analysis of such issues detection and performance analysis. Petri net also has disadvantages: It’s not easy for developers to draw a Petri net, especially for complex systems, and having difficulty to model objects and relation between objects.Effective modeling of complex concurrent systems requires a formalism that can capture essential properties such as nondeterminism, synchronization and parallelism. Petri nets offer a clean formalism for concurrency, however lack thorough modularization techniques. Object orientation offers formalism for highly reusable and modular systems, but lacks general concurrency features. There have been a number of attempts to combine Petri nets with Object Oriented concepts to profit from the strengths of both approaches. The solution may be: let user design the UML and validate it by converting it into the Petri net.In this paper we discuss a special example of the mapping of UML dynamic models with Petri nets to obtain a flexible and customizable means to reason on the dynamic aspects of object-oriented models, to analyze particular parts of these models. The discussion exploits rules to ascribe main UML elements with formal semantics in terms of functionally equivalent Petri nets.更多还原