【作者】 杜飞鹏；

【导师】 余颖；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 分析化学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 纳米材料具有明显异于一般宏观材料的物理、化学性能，从而引起了研究者的广泛兴趣。纳米材料与技术诞生十多年来所取得的成就及对各个领域的影响和渗透一直非常引人注目，特别是在环境保护和环境治理方面的应用，已经呈现出欣欣向荣的前景。随着纳米材料和纳米技术在环保方面的应用深入的研究，会给我国乃至全世界在治理环境污染方面带来新的机会。 TiO₂作为一种光催化剂用于降解有机污染物，有非常明显的效果，但也存在一定的局限性。1998年，Ikeda等人首次宣布用Cu₂O作光催化剂可在阳光下将水分解成氢气和氧气，预示着Cu₂O在可见光下具有很好的光催化性能。块体Cu₂O量子效率较低，产生的光生电子--空穴对容易复合。当粒度从微米级变为纳米级时，复合率降低，可提高量子效率。 我们的目的是要用简单的方法制备出粒径较小，且形貌均一的纳米级氧化亚铜，并探讨纳米级氧化亚铜的光催化活性。在本论文的第二章和第三章我们采用用软模板法制备纳米氧化亚铜。首先用表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵作模板，在液相中合成纳米级氧化亚铜，用TEM，XRD，XPS，HRTEM来表征得到的样品，并探讨了最佳制备工艺条件。优化反应条件，当CuSO₄·5H₂O为2.5g，NaOH为4.0g，CTAB为50mg，1M的N₂H₄·H₂O为4.0ml时得到了直径约10nm，长约500nm的，性能稳定的氧化亚铜晶须。用聚乙二醇、葡萄糖和十二烷基磺酸钠三种添加剂也制得了粒径比较均一，长约300-500nm之间的Cu₂O纳米晶须。并探讨了在四种表面活性剂作用下Cu₂O的生长机理。 在第四章用自制的Cu₂O纳米晶须进行光催化活性研究，实验表明具有比表面积为20.51m²／g的Cu₂O纳米晶须，在可见光催化下，能最终产生·OH；能使浓度为50mg／L的对氯硝基苯经过1.5h降解82.7％；并且Cu₂O纳米晶须可以重复使用几次。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nano materials possess of chemical and physical properties that are apparently different with those of bulks. Thereby that causes extensive interesting in these years and the achievements and affections, permeating in all the fields, are always attracting since the founding of nano-materials and nano-technologies. Especially the applications in environmental protection and recovering have exhibited promising future. The further studies in the application of the field will bring new chance to our country and the whole world in the field of environment. TiO2, as a kind of photo-catalyst, can be used to degrade organic contamination with dramatic effects. However, there is also some shortcoming. In 1998, Ikeda et al firstly showed that Cu2O could decompose H2O to H2 and O2 in the sunlight. It predicts that Cu2O may be employed as a promising catalyst under visible light. As we know, the quantum efficiency of bulk Cu2O is quite low while increase as the scale of Cu2O transform from micrometer to nanoscale.The aim we pray is to synthesize small-scale nano Cu2O with uniform morphologies by simple method, and then discuss the activities of photo-catalysis of nano Cu2O. We report the fabrication of nanowhiskers Cu2O using soft template in the second and third chapter. First, we synthesize nanowhiskers Cu2O in liquid phase using surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as template and then characterize the as-synthesized samples by TEM, XRD, XPS, HRTEM et al. In additional, we also optimize the experimental conditions for the best samples. We find when 2.5g CuSO4 5H2O, 4.0g NaOH, 50mg CTAB, 4.0ml 1M N2H4 H2O was applied, Cu2O nanowhiskers with stable attributes, about 10nm in diameter and 500nm in length, were obtained. Furthermore, Using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), glucose, and polyethyleneglycol (PEG), these three additives, we also obtained nanowhiskers of Cu2O with uniform diameter of 300-500nm. The growth mechanism is also discussed via using the four surfactants.In the fourth chapter, a research work on the photo-catalytic activation property using home-synthesized nanowhiskers of CU2O was performed. The experiment showed that the CU2O nanowhiskers with surface ratio of 20.51 m2/g, catalyzed by visible light, can produce OH finally, and make the concentration of p-chloro-nitrobenzene to degrade 82.7%, and the nanowhiskers can be used for several times again and again.更多还原