【作者】 刘勇；

【导师】 张玉能；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 文艺学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 贬谪文学是探讨文学活动过程和主体审美心理之间关系的一个独特视角。贬谪这一特殊的社会生活遭遇，使得心怀济世之志的中国古代文人士子心理上受到重大创伤。完美的政治理想无法施之于世，人生价值无法实现，导致贬官产生一种缺失性情感体验。缺失性情感体验一方面促使主体产生文学创作动机，另一方面导致主体生成一种特定的审美心理，即主体在感知对象时的变异性和展开想象时的定向性。 由于这些特定的感知和想象方式，形成了贬谪文学作品在语言、形象、意蕴层面上特殊的心理蕴含：在话语层面上喜欢用负面形容词，喜欢用时空数量词，语言风格奇险怪伟；在形象层面上钟情于拘禽羁鸟等意象的塑造以及清幽之境等意境的营构；在意蕴层面上表现出怨愤、旷达等不同指向。正是主体心理状态的投射，造就了贬谪文学较高的思想和艺术成就，并具有感动激发人意的美学效果。 贬谪文学的创作对于主体而言，不只是一种理想遇挫的替代性满足，它直接指向主体的现实存在。通过宣泄郁积在心的不平情结，诗人减缓了内心的巨大痛苦，从而实现了对现实存在的审美超越。对于接受者而言，贬谪文学所蕴含的心理内容，让他们在同病相怜、互相劝勉中淡化了创伤感。贬谪诗人通过对屈贾的认同确证了自身现实境遇的合理性。因而贬谪文学的生成、存在和意义与主体审美心理的建构、状态及变化正好是相对应的。 中唐元和时期的白居易因忠直敢言而遭权贵污蔑，被贬为江州司马，宋代苏轼因“乌台诗案”先后被贬黄州、惠州、儋州。他们都是因正道直行而被贬被谪，都是当时一流的诗人。在谪居期间，他们创作了大量的文学精品，他们的诗文不仅具有感动激发人意的悲剧性力量，而且完整、深刻地记述了他们在贬谪期间的生存状态和心理状态，展现出了具有哲学深度的执著意识和超越意识，因而具有一定的典型意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Relegating literature is a special angle which researches the relationship between literature Creating activity and the subject’s aesthetic psychology .It is thisspecial treatment-relegation that makes the ancient intellectuals’ feelinghurt.Both the perfect political dreams and unrealized values lead to relegated officals to produce a special emotional experience,which urges the subject to form a Creating motive,and mainly a special aesthetic psychology.This aesthetic psychology indicates one variation of the object and a special certainty as well.Because of these special sensations and imaging methods,the subject’s understanding about the society and one’s life form the relegating literature’s psychology implication in language,image and so on.lt is the reflection of subject’s psychological situation that brings the thoughts in relegating literature and art chievement.As far as the subject himself is concerned,the creation of relegating literature is not only a replacement of their dreams,but also one thing that can reduce their great pains.And thus it goes beyond the aesthetics itself.For the accepted.the psychological factors in relegating literature makes them feel less sad emotion,because of the same feeling and their own encouragements.Since,in a sence,the relegating literature proves one kind of ration.And the formation,existence and meaning of relegating literature is corresponding with the subject’s aesthetic psychology.State and variation.Some famous poets such as Bai Juyi and Su dongpo were relegated to some isolated places such as Huang Zhou, Hui Zhou. They were relegated ,but they were innocent.During their relegating period,these poets created lots of literature masterpiece.Their poems tell people something about their living conditon,psychological State.These poems also impies some typical meaning of their time.更多还原