【作者】 李方；

【导师】 祝水金； 孙宗修；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 农业推广， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 中国兰是指兰科兰属中的地生种，有春兰、蕙兰、建兰、墨兰、寒兰等。兰花是中国的十大名花之一，它色雅、花香、叶秀，自古以来深受人们喜爱。但兰花靠分株繁殖，生长速度慢，优良品种市场价格颇高，产业化程度低，还很难进入寻常百姓家。 本研究以春兰品种为材料，进行组织培养快繁技术体系的研究，并分析影响春兰组织培养快繁成功的因素。研究结果表明，春兰茎尖外植体的培养效果优于腋芽，新芽高度以2.5～4cm为佳；基本培养基均为1／2MS，茎尖诱导根状茎的培养基为1／2MS添加2～5mg／L的生长素(NAA)和10％的椰乳(CM)，根状茎分化芽以1／2MS添加2～3mg／L的细胞分裂素(6-BA)为好，1～2mg／L NAA及3g／L活性碳有利于小芽生根并长成6～7cm高的壮苗。同时，本研究还以春兰的根状茎为材料，进行简化试验，以降低工厂化生产的成本。研究结果表明，根状茎大量增殖，采用固体培养更有利，白糖可替代蔗糖，使用浓度以20g／L为宜，在培养基中加3g／L的活性炭其增殖率可达908.33％，在培养条件方面，明亮的自然散射光对于春兰组织培养是可行的。根状茎诱导芽培养时可用液体静置培养，以30g／L的白糖代替蔗糖，但活性炭对诱芽有强烈的抑制作用。而在生根壮苗阶段，发芽数随活性炭浓度升高而增加，30g／L的白糖和3g／L活性炭的条件相对较好，但根状茎直接成苗数较少，需改变激素浓度，或将根状茎诱芽后再进行生根壮苗。 此外，本文根据中国兰生产现状、组织培养进展和对春兰组培快繁的实际经验，将中国兰组织培养快速繁殖项目进行应用推广，从建设规模、选址、建设方案、管理运作方式、投资估算、进度计划、财务经济分析等方面对项目进行可行性分析。拟建占地10亩的中国兰良种快繁基地，将组培快繁与全控温室栽培繁殖技术相结合，提高兰花产量。项目重点阐述了组培空间布局和内部设施要求，对固定资产670万元和流动资金178万元的投资估算详实，并进行了产量的盈亏平衡点分析和项目敏感性分析。通过损益表最终得出年产200万株兰苗，总投资848万元，投资回收期3年，第3年起每年可获利润近1千万元。项目定位是农业产业化的龙头示范企业项目，科技含量高。项目建设捷径是在有一定基础和实力的常规兰花圃的基础上，组建组培快繁中心，扩大生产量。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chinese orchids are part of the terrestrial orchids of Orchidaceae Cymbidum, for example C. goeringii, C. faberi, C. ensifolium, C. sinense, C. kanran .The Chinese orchids are respectfully called by the Chinese "one of the four gentlemen" or "one of the four Refined Tastes". Appreciating the orchids , the Orientals attach great importance to such tastes of aesthetic appreciation as purity and freshness, grace and delicacy. Chinese orchids propagation is accomplished by off shoots from the mother plant and slow-growing. So we try to rapid propagation Chinese orchids through tissue culture.The optimal culture conditions of the growth of C. goeringii rhizomes from shoot-tip were studied.The results showed that the percentage of initiated shoot-tip and successful inducing were the highest when those shoot-tips were from the buds 2.5~4cm long. The 1/2MS medium added with 2~5mg/L NAA and 10% CM was useful to rhizomes growth from shoot-tips, while 2~3mg/L BA was suitable for buds differentiation from rhizomes. Favorable effect of 1-2 mg/L NAA and3 g/L AC on rooting culture was observed. The plantlets formed 3-4 leaves and 6~7cm high, they were transferred into pots.Rhizomes were used as simplify experiment materials, in order to cut down tissue culture cost.The results showed that used solid medium and replaced sucrose by sugar, added with 30g/L suger and 3g/L AC for rhizomes proliferation were better than others, the rate of rhizomes forming being as high as908.33%, it could reduced cost to used nature light.Liquid medium and 30g/l sugar were suitable for bud differentiation, but affect of AC was opposite .The rhizomes grew gradually into plantlets that were a few , 30 g/L sugar and 3 g/L AC were better than others.Application and extension the project of the rapid propagation of Chinese orchids by tissue culture , the project feasibility studies were carried out through construct in scale, choose side before construct , plan of construct, business managemeat , investment budget, progress plan and financial analysis. Rapid propagation base couppies10 areas.The project raise yield of Chinese orchids through combine rapid propagation of tissue culture with cultivation techniques of greenhouse. The project explication will centre on layout and installation of tissue culture room, investment budget of fixed assets and circulating assets. The results showed that 2 millions plantlet were cultured every year , project make an investment of 8.48 millions yuan. Investment was taken back for three years. Every year the project makes a profile about 10 millions yuan from third year. The project is the high science and technology content of example project, the project construct take a shortcut that is built of the centre of rapid propagation of tissue culture on the basis of the Chinese orchids nursery.更多还原