【作者】 苏艳丽；

【导师】 傅正义； 张清杰；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 材料加工工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 超细粉碎技术是近几年来发展起来的一门新技术，它是借助于特殊的机械力或物理、化学作用，使普通物质超细化，而不改变其化学组成，但能使物质的表面及界面发生奇特的变化，在使用时可取得普通粉末所无法达到的效果。超细粉体以其特有的优势和独特的性质，在现代工业中占有举足轻重的地位。随着现代工业技术和医药科学的迅速发展以及学科间的相互渗透，超细粉碎技术在传统中药加工中的应用已愈来愈引起人们的关注，颗粒细，药效好，用量少成为中药制剂的必然发展趋势，超细粉碎技术正好适应这一要求。 三七Panax notoginseng(burk)F．H．chen系我国传统的名贵药材，性味甘、微苦、温，归肝、胃经，具有散瘀止血、消肿定痛的功效。传统主要用于人体各种内外伤止血及跌打损伤的消肿止痛，近年来临床还广泛用于心脑血管疾病的治疗。 本文通过MICROS超细粉碎设备，系统研究了三七超细粉碎的工艺过程、特点及影响超细粉碎效果的诸多因素。为了解超细粉体的理化特性，我们利用粒度分布仪、偏光显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱等测定方法对三七的普通粉末和超细粉体进行了表征。实验结果研究表明，影响粉碎效果的因素除了粉碎工艺参数如主轴转速、粉碎时间、固体浓度外，此外，粉碎过程中表面活性剂的加入及加入量的多少对中药超细粉碎有着重要影响。随着主轴转速的增大及粉碎时间的延长，颗粒的平均尺寸逐渐减小，当粉碎时间达到40～50min后，粒径变化不明显。在粉碎过程中，加入油酸作为表面活性剂不但能起到助磨的作用，还能防止颗粒间的团聚，并且随着油酸量的增加，粒径越来越小。 偏光显微鉴定结果发现，在三七原药材中，淀粉粒、导管、草酸钙簇晶等显微组织结构清晰可见；经过MICROS超细粉碎后，细胞组织发生明显改变，细胞破壁，基本无完整细胞存在，这样可使有效成分较好地暴露出来，而不再需要通过以往的透壁释放，从而使药物的生物利用度大大提高。三七颗粒的微观形貌表明，经过MICROS超细粉碎后，由于药物在粉碎过程中经过强大的压缩力和剪切力的作用，细胞壁被破碎，淀粉、多糖、皂甙等被 武汉理工大学硕士学位论文充分溶出而呈现出絮状结构。 中药有效成分的溶出速度往往与药物的粉末细度有关，若能改善药物的粉末细度，将提高中药有效成分的溶出速率，从而大大提高临床疗效。为了探讨三七药材粉末的细度对溶出度的影响，本实验采用高效液相色谱分析法(HPLC)对三七的普通粉末与超细化后粉末的有效成分人参皂普Rbt的溶出度进行了测定比较。结果表明，经过MICROS超细粉碎后，人参皂昔Rbl的溶出度明显高于普通的三七粉。 为探讨超细粉碎技术在动物上体现的药效，实验比较研究了三七原药材与超细粉碎后三七液对小鼠的止血促凝血作用。实验结果表明，三七经过MICROS超细粉碎后，止血和促凝血作用都比普通粉末要好。更多还原

【Abstract】 The technology of ultrafine powder is turning up and developing in recent years, which based on special mechanical force, physical or chemical action to obtain ultrafine powder. Not changing their chemical components, it changes their surface and interface to some fancy changes. When used, ultrafine powder can come into supernormal effects exceeding general powder. Ultrafine powder plays important roles in modern industry based on its peculiar advantage and characteristics. With rapid development of modern industry and medicine science and the saturation of subject, applications of the pulverizing technology in Chinese traditional medicine are paid more attention. The preparation of Chinese traditional medicine tend to fine particle, high medicine effect and little dosage, the pulverizing technology just fit in with the demands.Panax notoginseng (burk) F.H.chen is a kind of rare Chinese traditional herbal. It is sweet in taste, mildly bitter and warm in nature. It can arrest bleeding, remove blood stasis, and relieve pain. Radix notoginseng is mainly adopted for various kinds of internal injuries and traumas in traditional prescriptions, while it has been widely adopted for cardio-cerebrovascular diseases in recent years.Using the MICROS ultrafine grinding mill, Radix notoginseng was ultrafinely grinded. Process and characteristics of ultrafine grinding and more affecting parameters to the product properties were studied in detail in this paper. In order to know about physical and chemical character of ultrafine powder, we made use of granularity, microscopic identification, scanning electron microscope, infrared spectrum and so on, to characterize the ultrafine powder and general powder of Chinese traditional medicine. The results showed that besides smash parameters such as rotating speed of the principal axis, grinding time, solid concentration and so on. In addition, surfactant appending and its quantity will also affect their superfine grinding. The experiment results showed that the average particles size minished gradually with the increasing of the rotating speed of the principal axis and prolonging of the grinding time. Whengrinded 40-50 minutes, granularity didn’t change obviously. During the process of grinding, the appending of oleic acid as surfactant could help grinding and preventing particles’ massing. Besides, the particles size became more and more smaller with the amount of oleic acid.The microscopic characteristics showed that granulose, catheter and calcium oxalate tissue structure could be observed clearly in the general powder, but when it was grinded, nearly all cell walls of Radix notoginseng were broken and no integrated cells existed, and available composition can be exposed well without transmura release as usual, with greatly enhanced bioavailability.SEM photograph indicateed that ultrafine powder of Radix notoginseng took on flocculent structure, it probably because medicinal materials was subjected to fierce forward extrusion and tangential shearing force during the course of superfine grinding, cells were broken, amylum, amylose and saponin etc. were dissolving-out fully.Solution speed of available composition of Chinese traditional medicine, usually relates to the degree of fineness. If degree of fineness improved, and speed raised, clinical curative effects can be greatly enhanced. In order to study the effects of degree of fineness, the test employed high efficiency liquid chromatography (HPLC) to measure and compare the dissolving-out rate of panax saponin Rbi. The result indicated that dissolving-out rate of ultrafine powder was more than that of general powder.In order to study the effect of the technology of ultrafine powder on drug efficacy, we compared the ultrafine powder and general powder of Radix notoginseng on the effect of rat’s hemostasis and cruor. Results showed that the effect of hemostasis and cruor of ultrafine powder was better than of general powder.更多还原