【作者】 欧阳云燕；

【导师】 郭玉海；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本实验在河北安国和中国农业大学完成。主要研究祁菊规范化种植过程中的关键技术，生长发育过程中氮、磷和钾的累积动态和变化规律；菊花中黄酮、绿原酸和挥发油的累积规律并确定祁菊的最佳采收期；通过单因素试验和正交试验摸索黄酮的最佳提取工艺。 主要结果如下： 1．规范化种植祁菊移栽期以5月上旬，行、株距以40cm×40cm，每666.7m~2施以20kg磷酸二铵和10kg硫酸钾底肥为佳。 2．祁菊中氮、磷、钾的含量顺序为钾＞氮＞磷。祁菊全株的养分含量变化以钾和氮的变化大，磷变化最小；花中钾，氮均以现蕾初期，花蕾在2～3mm时植株含钾、氮含量最高，以后随着花蕾长大开花而逐渐降低。为保证开花期间植株对氮、磷和钾的需求，孕蕾前的追肥是必要的。 3．祁菊花内总黄酮和绿原酸的百分含量均呈现两起两落的规律。从现蕾到完全开放，花的有效成分含量变化趋势是：绿原酸＞总黄酮＞挥发油。第一个高峰期出现在花直径8mm左右(10月13日)；第二次出现在花直径15m左右(10月27日)。从最佳采收期来看，虽然第一高峰期祁菊内黄酮和绿原酸百分含量高，但生物量低，因此，最大采收效益在第二次高峰期。 4．乙醇提取黄酮的各因素的影响程度是：料液比＞乙醇质量分数＞提取时间＞提取温度。通过单因素实验和正交实验，祁菊黄酮的提取工艺条件为：乙醇质量分数为75％，提取4h，浸提温度是70℃，料液比1：50。更多还原

【Abstract】 This text is finished in Anguo of Hebei and China Agricultural University. Content include the dynamic accumulation laws of nitrogens, phosphoruses and potassiums. Regard sowing date, density, construct nitrogen quantity, phosphorus fertilizer quantity and potassium quantity as the factor .through making up and design, land for growing field crops plant, determine Qi the best agronomy measures. Study Qi chrysanthemum grow course nitrogens, phosphoruses and the dynamic accumulation laws of potassiums. At the same time at chrysanthemum total favonoid, chlorogenic acid and the contents of volatile oil determine regularlieses, in order to probe that it accumulates laws and define adopting and accept one bestly of Qi chrysanthemum. At material, try to find out Qi chrysanthemum best to draw the process conditions with Qi chrysanthemum.The result is the following:Pray for nitrogen phosphorus the contents of potassium greater than the nitrogen for the potassium chrysanthemum, the nitrogen is greater than the phosphorus.Pray for at potassium and nitrogen heavy change the whole the nutrient content changes of ones plant chrysanthemum, minimum phosphorus, and potassium, whether now at mmses plant suck most high content nitrogen potassium flower bud initial stage bud nitrogen, will reduce gradually as the bud grows up and blooms afterwards. Potassium, nitrogen demand are long-range in the demand for phosphorus during giving birth to entirely. So should pay attention to constructing the potassium, nitrogen in production.The flower is a body organ which prays for the chrysanthemum, percent of content of its nitrogen and potassium are changed with growth of the bud relatively bigly, just now bud high content, afterwards reduced; One hundred points of content of the phosphorus are relatively steady. It its merits attention to be at living beings the increases of quantity that spend although percent of content are reduced, the absolute content increases , for the demands of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium while guaranteeing to bloom, topdressing before the pregnant flower bud is essential.And chlorogenic acid one hundred a fen of contentseses present and blow laws that fall at two total flavonoids. It is about 8 mms of October 13 to appear in the colored diameter in the first peak period; appear for the second time. According to adopting and accept one bestly, though content high low quantity living beings one peak period, should adopt and accept in the second time peak period .Qi total favonoid draw at ethanols, water baths it draws to be for being best to draw terms in one hour technology. It is good twice to draw progression.更多还原