【作者】 李铁庄；

【导师】 李小云；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业大学 ， 种植业， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 棉花(Gossypium)是一种重要的经济作物。棉花一生遭受多种害虫危害，其中以鳞翅目类害虫(棉铃虫等)危害最重。大量化学农药的长期使用，导致棉铃虫抗药性剧增和防治棉铃虫成本的迅速扩大。现代农业生物技术的发展，使应用基因工程技术培育转基因抗虫棉成为现实。推广转基因抗虫棉可以减少治虫和人工的投入，减轻人畜中毒和环境污染，发挥抗虫、增产、节本、增效、保护环境的积极作用。 在不同植棉区棉农对种植转基因抗虫棉的认识、技术、接受程度存在差异和影响棉农种植转基因抗虫棉的相关利益主体很多且利益取向不同的假设下，本文以新乡县七里营村、尉氏县锦被岗村为例，采用实证研究方法，系统分析了推广转基因抗虫棉的预期效果、影响因素、收益群体及不同收益群体对推广转基因抗虫棉的评价，并探讨了解决影响因素的途径和调节不同收益群体之间利益的方法。根据有关结论，提出了有效推广转基因抗虫棉的相关建议。 本文的研究结论如下： (1)推广转基因抗虫棉，是提升我国棉花市场综合竞争力的重要手段，是提高我国植棉区棉花产量，改善生态环境，降低劳动强度，提高棉农收入水平的必由之路。只有种植转基因抗虫棉，才能有效综合治理棉铃虫危害，提高植棉效益，确保棉花产业持续、稳定、健康发展。 (2)转基因抗虫棉的推广受到多种因素的影响，其主要影响因素有品种因素、政策因素、市场因素、棉农的个体因素和推广服务体系因素等。每一种影响因素在推广转基因抗虫棉过程中都起到了至关作用，甚至是不能替代的作用。 (3)不同相关主体对推广转基因抗虫棉的评价是不一样的。育种者认为转基因抗虫棉不是无虫棉，种植过程中仍需打药防治，推广前需要经过政府有关部门的安全性评价和品种审定；推广者认为转基因抗虫棉品种市场混乱、供种渠道复杂、检测体系落后，不利于转基因抗虫棉的推广和利用。使用者认为转基因抗虫棉品种太多、太滥，种子质量没有保证，有些品种根本就不抗虫，选择抗虫棉品种比较困难，同时还认为棉花市场价格波动是当前影响转基因抗虫棉品种选择的重要因素之一。 (4)推广转基因抗虫棉在促进棉花生产的同时，还会带来巨大的经济效益，这些效益分属于不同利益主体。分别是科研机构(转基因抗虫棉品种的选育者)，推广机构或个人(转基因抗虫棉品种的推广者)、植棉区棉农(转基因抗虫棉品种的使用者)。这些利益主体在推广转基因抗虫棉过程中既有在追求收益最大化、风险最小化方面相一致的一面，又有在利润交割、风险承担方面不一致的一面。更多还原

【Abstract】 Topic: Empirical Study on Extending Transgenic Cotton. Author: Ii tie-zhuang. Specialty: Field of Planting. Research Program: Development of Rural Area. College: College of Humanities and Development. Supervisor: Professor li xiao-yun.Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is an important cash crop. During its life cycle it may be damaged by many insects, of which the bollworm (Helicoverp armigera) is the most harmful one. With all kinds of insecticides being used over a long period, the insect insecticide-resistance has greatly increased and this has resulted in the rapid increase in the cost of bollworm control. Developing a transgenic insect-resistant cotton variety through gene engineering has become possible with the development of modern agricultural biotechnology. The extension of transgenic cotton could reduce the costs of insect control and labor required, alleviate the chances of insecticide poisoning of people and animals, and could also decrease environment pollution. It plays a positive role in controlling pests, raising yields, reducing costs, increasing profits and improving environment protection.The hypothesis states that there are differences among the cotton farmers in different areas in their knowledge, farming technology and acceptance level to transgenic cotton. There are also many related parties that affect transgenic cotton use by fanners and these different parties focus on their individual profit maximization. This thesis uses Qiliying Village of Xinxiang County and Jinbeigang Village of Weishi County as examples. It systematically analyzes the expectant effects, affecting factors, beneficiary targets of transgenic cotton extension and the appraisal of different beneficiary targets to transgenic cotton. Ways to resolve the affecting factors and the method of regulating the profits among different parties are also discussed. According to the related conclusions, several interrelated suggestions to effectively extend transgenic cotton are made.The conclusions of this thesis are as follows:1. Extending transgenic cotton is an important means to raise the whole competitive ability of our country’s cotton market. It is an indispensable way to raise the cotton yield, improve the natural environment, reduce the labor intensity and increase the income of cotton farmers. If the transgenic cotton varieties are grown, the cotton bollworms can be effectively controlled, and the income from cotton production can be raised, and the cotton industry can be assured to develop continuously, steadily and healthily.2. There are many factors that could influence the extension of transgenic cotton, including variety, policy, market, cotton growers themselves, and the extension and technical service system. Each of them plays a key, even an indispensable role in the process of extending transgenic cotton.3. Different related parties have different evaluations of transgenic cotton extension. Breeders hold the opinion that transgenic insect-resistant cotton is not non-insect cotton, insecticides should still be sprayed during cotton growth, and insect-resistance gene in cotton should be appraised and the variety should be approved by related government departments before the release of a variety. Dealers think that a disorganized cottonseed market, complicated seed-providing channels and backward examining system are unfavorable for the use and extension of transgenic insecticide-resistance cotton. Cotton growers complain about too many varieties, a disorganized seed market with no guarantee of seed quality. Some varieties are even absolutely non- insect-resistance cotton; all of these factors make it difficult to choose which varieties to grow. Cotton farmers consider sales price to be one of the most important factors that currently influence cotton variety choice.4. Extending transgenic insect-resistance cotton not only brings about a great advance in cotton production, but also brings enormous profits; these profits are shared by the different parties. These parties include scient更多还原