【作者】 谭崇静；

【导师】 赖景生；

【作者基本信息】 西南农业大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 出口加工区是指在一个国家(或地区)的港口、机场附近或其他交通便利的地方开辟一定的区域，提供水电、通讯和厂房等基础设施，用优惠政策吸引外商直接投资，发展在国际上具有竞争力的出口加工工业，其产品大部分或全部用于出口的特殊区域。 爱尔兰政府于1959年设立的香农自由加工区是世界最早的出口加工区。而世界上第一个正式以“出口加工区”命名的则是我国台湾于1965年设立的高雄出口加工区，以后又增设了楠梓、台中两个出口加工区。这三个出口加工区为台湾经济的腾飞作出了巨大贡献，其成功在国际上影响深远，许多发展中国家纷纷效仿。到20世纪90年代，已有40多个发展中国家和地区建立了300多个出口加工区。出口加工区自诞生以来经历了三个发展阶段，当前又出现五种发展趋势：综合化、科技化、进口与出口相结合、同设区国经济的前后向联系日趋密切、各出口加工区之间竞争中的合作加强。 从2000年4月27日起，我国按照国际惯例陆续批准设立了38个国家级出口加工区。这既是我国改革加工贸易监管模式的全新尝试，也是我国经济融入世界经济潮流的充分体现。为了进一步推动实施西部大开发战略，充分发挥重庆中西结合部和长江上游经济中心的区位优势及资源优势，国务院于2001年6月15日批准设立重庆出口加工区。它的设立为重庆发展外向型经济搭建了一个新的产业平台，为拓宽对外经济贸易开辟了一条新通道。重庆出口加工区自2002年8月28日封关运行以来，在取得一定成绩的同时更面临一些不容忽视的问题。这些问题制约了重庆出口加工区的发展，阻碍了其作用的发挥。因此，如何解决重庆出口加工区运行与管理中的问题，促进其健康发展是一项紧迫而又有理论和实践价值的课题。 本文首先总结有关出口加工区的理论，形成支撑本研究实证和对策部分的理论基础：在理论的指导下紧密联系实际，从世界出口加工区实践的角度，吸取国外和我国台湾出口加工区的经验和教训；在此基础上，实证考察重庆出口加工区运行与管理的现状，通过与东部沿海出口加工区的比较研究揭示其存在的问题，接着深入分析问题产生的原因，最后提出行之有效的对策措施。研究结论如下： 1．世界出口加工区的实践表明其运行与管理有规律可循。通过考察台湾、韩国、菲律宾、越南四个国家和地区的出口加工区实践，得到以下经验教训：①合理选择出口加工区的地理位置和规划面积；②立法先行，建立完善的法律法规体系；③建立高效的管理体制；④提供优质的配套服务；⑤灵活调整政策引导产业转型升级。 2．重庆出口加工区确实存在一些亟待解决的问题。①发展速度缓慢，主要体现在总量和速度两方面；②项目引进难、规模偏小，主要体现在数量和质量两方面；⑨效益较差，每平方公里的进区企业数、引资额、进出口总额、出口总额都不理想，收益微薄；④入区企业运行维护成本高，一方面国内间接采购增加费用，另一方面海关监管运输增加物流成本；⑤入 甲文摘要旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦区企业科技含量较低，五家企业中只有一家属于高科技企业，另外四家都属于传统机加工企业;⑥前后向联系差，带动效应弱。区内没有外资龙头企业，难以吸引为其配套的上下游企业到周围，提供的就业机会有限;⑦通关速度较慢，电子报关网络系统尚未建好，无法实现无纸化通关，通关手续繁杂。 3.重庆出口加工区运行与管理问题产生的原因来自于多方面。①产业定位不明确，招商引资过程中带有一定盲目性;②存在区位比较劣势，重庆出口加工区地处西部内陆，远离出海口，获取投资信息困难:③重庆市加工贸易不发达，一方面加工贸易所占比重太低，另一方面加工贸易企业存量小，增量少;④部分优惠政策没有具体的操作程序或相应的配套措施，政策优势不明显:⑤有关部门观念更新慢，灵活运用政策较差，投资服务体系不完善;⑥出口加工区模式和功能单一，不适合内陆出口加工区的实际;⑦运行时间较短，对外宣传不够。 4.促进重庆出口加工区发展应采取综合性对策措施。①明确产业定位，搞好招商引资;②尽快出台实施细则，调整部分不合理政策;③转变思想观念，灵活运用政策，提供优质高效服务;④构建简便快捷的通关模式:⑤增设保税仓库，扩展出口加工区功能;⑥给予西部内陆出口加工区适当倾斜和照顾;⑦加大宣传培训力度.更多还原

【Abstract】 Export Processing Zone (EPZ) refers to a special zone near the port, airport or other traffic convenient places in a country (or state). EPZ offers such infrastructures like water, electricity, communications and workshops. EPZ attracts foreign direct investment through preferable policies, develops internationally competitive export processing industries. Most or all of the products produced in EPZ are exported.Shannon Free Processing Zone, the world’s earliest EPZ was set up by Irish government in 1959. The world’s first formally-named "Exporting Processing Zone" was established in 1965 in Kaohsiung, Taiwan province. Later, other two export processing zones "Nantze ", "Taichung" were added to its kind. These three EPZs made great contribution to Taiwan’s economic boom. Its success is known world-wide and its influence is far-reaching. Many developing countries follow its example. By 1990s, over 40 developing countries and states have set up more than 300 EPZs. EPZ has undergone three stages since its establishment. At present, the development of EPZ displays five types of tendency: integration, becoming scientific and technological, the combination of export and import, the closer horizontal linkage with the economy of the country which sets up the EPZ, and more competitive cooperation between EPZs.Since April, 27, 2000, according to international practice, our country has approved of setting up 38 state-rank EPZ, which is not only a new trial of reforming our country’s supervision mode for processing trade, but also an indication that our country is integrating into world economy. In order to acceleratively carry out West Development Strategy, to make the full use of Chongqing’s location and resources advantages as the combination place of Central and Western China, and as the economic center of upper branch of Yangtze River, the State Council approved of setting up Chongqing Export Processing Zone (CEPZ) in June 25, 2001. Its establishment created a new industry platform for developing an exported-oriented economy, paved a new way to expanding foreign trade. CEPZ has made some achievements since its operation in August 28, 2002. At the mean time, it faces some unneglectable problems as well. These problems have confined the development and prevented CEPZ from playing its role.Based on the theoretical and practical achievement concerning EPZ, the paper conducts a deep analysis of CEPZ’s problems in its operation and management. The conclusions of the research are as follows:1. The practice of EPZ in the world indicated that EPZ’s operation and management have rules to follow. By surveying the practice of EPZ in Taiwan, Korea, the Philippines and Viet Nam, the following lesson can be learned:(1) make an appropriate choice of location and a proper planning area for EPZ; (2) establish perfect law and regulation system; (3)establish efficient management system; (4) provide good, supplementary services: (5) adjust flexibly the policies for the transforming and upgrading of industry.2. There exist some problems to be solved in CEPZ. (1. the slow development speed. It is reflected in the aspects of total capacity and speed; (2) the difficulties in the introducing of projects and the small scale of projects . It is reflected in the aspects of quantity and quality; (3) the unsatisfactory benefit.. The number of enterprises entering the EPZ in per square kilometer, the amount of investment, and the total value of import and export are not satisfactory; (4) the high cost of operating and managing the enterprises inside the EPZ. On one hand, indirect purchase inside the nation increases cost; on the other hand, the transportation under the supervision of customs increases the cost of logistics; (5) the little technological content of the enterprises inside the EPZ. Of the five enterprises, only one is the enterprise of advanced science and technology. The other four are traditional enterprises of machinery processing; (6) weak horizontal associations with other enterprises and weak exemplary effec更多还原