【作者】 王春晓；

【导师】 王定勇；

【作者基本信息】 西南农业大学 ， 环境工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 汞在大气环境中的分布、行为是构成汞环境循环的重要组成部分，而汞在大气中的分布研究，是大气汞污染研究中的薄弱环节，采用地统计学方法来研究汞在大气中的分布，对于汞污染研究的进行具有极为重要的意义。本文通过研究北碚区大气汞的空间变异规律，目的就是进一步掌握地统计学原理与方法，为将地统计学作为一种新的方法，应用到污染大气环境性状的空间变异研究中提供借鉴。 本论文以北碚城区和北碚东阳镇为例，运用GIS技术，并采用地统计学方法，在城区研究区域布点对大气汞进行了一年的监测后，通过一般的统计分析、地统计学分析和格局分析三种不同的分析方法对大气中的汞进行了空间变异研究。研究结果如下： 1．通过一般的统计分析，主要是变异系数分析和频率分布分析，可得出： 东阳镇各月份大气汞的变异系数都非常高，各月份都超过100％，而北碚城区的大气汞的变异系数范围在19.6％-175.5％，变化范围较大，总体上说变异程度较高。相比较而言，东阳镇的变异系数远远高于北碚城区，这主要受东阳镇的明显的污染源-体温计厂的影响。 在分布类型上，城区经对数转化之后，为正态分布，可采取普通克立格插值方法。而东阳镇的数据即使进行对数转化后仍不符合正态分布，所以采取指示克立格插值方法。 2．通过地统计学分析，包括空间相关性、块金系数和结构方差、各向同性及异性分析，得出以下结论： 大气汞的空间自相关距能够表征大气汞在空间上的依赖程度，从而可以使我们从另一个角度来理解汞在大气中的空间特征。分析结果证明，在东阳镇和城区，大气汞的空间分布都存在着半方差结构。每个月份本身都有较大的空间自相关距，东阳镇各月大气汞的空间自相关距大致呈现如下顺序：一月，五月，八月，六月＞四月＞十月＞十一月＞二月＞十二月＞三月＞七月，最小的七月份为399m，最大的一月、五月、六月、八月为1357m。而北碚城区各月大气汞的空间自相关距顺序是这样的：二月，十月，十二月＞一月＞七月＞六月＞四月＞三月＞八月＞十一月＞五月，其中最大值达到了2347m，最小五月份有591m。另外，从半方差结构来看，无论是东阳镇还是城区所采用的取样距离都没有超过各月大气汞的空间自相关距，因而，对北碚大气汞的评价也是合理充分的。 在对大气汞空间变异的分析中，块金值反映了大气汞受人为污染的影响程度。东阳镇11个月份的大气汞的块金值呈现二月＞十二月＞十一月＞一月＞五月＞四月＞十月＞三月＞八月＞七月＞六月的趋势，在二月时最大，达到32100，而北碚城区的块金值呈现二月＞三月＞五月＞六月、七月＞八月＞十月＞四月＞十一月、十二月＞一月的趋势，最高到达了180，最小为2.4。东阳镇西南农业大学硕士学位论文摘要旦鱼鱼旦旦鱼鱼鱼旦旦口坦旦旦旦鱼鱼..甲坦旦旦-..........-.......口...~~..月...，......贝，...，明，...甲理..，.旦旦甲旦旦旦旦，，旦旦旦贝旦旦旦旦的块金值远远大于城区，所以东阳镇受人为污染影响远远大于城区。在东阳镇，四月、五月、十月、十一月、十二月为空间强相关，六月为空间弱相关，其余为空间相关。而北暗除七月为空间弱相关外，其余都为空间相关。3.通过格局分析，即克里格空间插值得出空间分布格局图，从格局图分析可得出: 由于体温计厂的存在，东阳镇的大气汞的变异程度大，平均浓度高，有明显的空间梯度变化;而城区没有明显的污染源，平均浓度低，变化不是很明显，由于局部地区的污染，而造成局部地区的汞的浓度值异常的高，在此形成浓度高值区域。更多还原

【Abstract】 The distribution of mercury and its action in the atmosphere constitute the important part of the environment recycle of mercury. But the study of distribution of Hg in the atmosphere is the weakness in the study about the mercury pollution in the atmosphere. Studying the distribution of Hg in the atmosphere by geostatistics method is of great importance to the development of mercury pollution studies. This paper studied the space variation of atmospheric concentration of Hg by adopting geostatistics method, the purpose is to find out the space variation regulation of atmospheric concentration of Hg, and take the geostatistics method as a new resolution to apply it to the spatial variation study of atmosphere characters, and we provide science basis for doing this . 1. By means of ordinary statistic analyze, mainly the analyze of variance coefficient (CV) and histogram, the following conclusions were drawn:The CV of mercury concentration of atmosphere in Dongyang town is very high, and On every month it is beyond 100%, however, The CV of mercury concentration of atmosphere in the main city zone of Beibei district varied between 19.6% and 175.5%, in the mass variability is intensive. Compared with the main city zone of Beibei district, CV in Dongyang town is far higher than that in the main city zone of Beibei, and this is mainly due to the influence of the obvious pollution source-trie clinical thermometer plant.As far as distribution class concerned, after logarithmic transformation, the data in main city zone accord with the normal distribution, which can be dealt with by means of ordinary Kriging interpolation method, but the data in Dongyang town don’t accord with normal distribution, so we use indicator Kriging.2.By geostatistics analysis, which including Spatial correlation, nugget coefficient and structural variance, isotropy and anisotropy analysis, we can conclude:The spatial dependence range of the atmospheric concentration of Hg can be aggregation of spatial dependence of Hg in atmosphere, there by it can make us to understand the space character of atmospheric concentration of Hg from another angle. The analysis results prove that the space distributes of the atmospheric concentration of Hg in Dongyang town and main city zone of Beibei possess semi-variogram structure. On the whole, every month have very big spatial dependence range. In Dongyang town , from minimum spatial dependence range in July(399 meters) to maximum spatial dependence range in January, May, June, August.(1357 meters) .The space dependences of the atmospheric Hg in several months can be arranged : January, May, August, June> April>October>November>February>December> March> July. And spatial dependencerange of the atmospheric Hg in each month of the main city area in Beibei vary as follows: namely in February, October, December> January> July> June> April> March> August> November> May, among them the maximum value comes to 2347 meters, the minimum value in May is 591 meters. Moreover, seeing from its semi-variogram structure, sampling interval that being adopted does not exceed the spatial dependence range of each kind of atmospheric mercury, as a result, the evaluation to atmospheric Hg of the Beibei is to be sound and reasonable.In an analysis to the space variation of atmospheric Hg, nugget can be comprehended as the influence degree of human activity factor. The nuggets of atmospheric concentration of Hg in Dongyang town during eleven months reveal the trend: December > November > January> May > April> October> March>August > July > June, and the maximum nugget in February, it reached 32100.On the other hand ,the nuggets of atmospheric concentration of Hg in main city zone of Beibei during this eleven months reveal the trend: February> March > May> June, July> August > October> April > November December >January, The maximum nugget comes to 1 80, the minimum comes to be 2.4. Nugget in Dongyang town is far bigger than that in the main city zone of Beibei, So it show that pollution has far more in Dongyang town更多还原