【作者】 李军玲；

【导师】 张金屯；

【作者基本信息】 山西大学 ， 自然地理学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 太行山中段主峰红岩岭位于山西省晋中地区东南部，左权县境内，海拔2089m，地势由西北斜向东南，东南部山岭高耸，西北部较为平坦，大部地区海拔在1200m以上。属于暖温带大陆性气候，一年四季分明。该区内居住有大小村庄若干个，放牛、牧羊及矿产开发对植被造成了很大程度的破坏。 本文以太行山中段植被为研究对象，从植物群落的物种多样性、种间关系及群落优势种的生态位宽度和生态位重叠三个方面深入探讨和研究了该地区群落类型、结构、生态及分布格局，群落多样性与群落类型、生境、群落结构之间的关系，以及主要优势种的种间关系。 在该地区植被的优势种的种间关系的研究方面，运用2×2列联表、x~2检验方法对群落优势种进行总体相关性和种对间的联结性检验，利用共同出现百分率Jaccord指数测定种对间的关联度，应用Pearson相关系数和Spearman秩相关系数刻画种对间的数量变化关系。结果表明，对生境要求相同或相似的种对表现出显著的正关联；种间关系因群落类型不同而有明显差异。x~2检验呈显著、极显著相关的种对数少于相关分析和秩相关分析，Spearman秩相关分析优于Pearson相关分析。 在该地区植被的优势种生态位的研究方面，仍然运用TWINSPAN把样方分为8个群落类型，用Levins、Shannon-wiener生态位宽度公式和Petraitis生态位特定重叠指数公式测定群落中主要种群生态位宽度和生态位重叠，并分析各种群生态位的生态学意义。结果表明，种群生态位宽度越大，对环境的适应能力越强，对资源的利用能力也越强；生态位重叠越大，种群间的生态相似性越大，利用资源的相似性程度越高；生态位宽的种群对生态位窄的种群可能有较高的重叠值，反之则较低；生态位宽度最大的种群不一定为群落的建群种。 通过丰富度指数、物种多样性指数和均匀度指数，结合TWINSPAN、DCA、DCCA排序，多元回归和相关分析，研究了物种多样性及其变化机制，把植物群落分为8个群落类型；物种多样性指数的DCCA第一轴基本上反映了土壤水分的变化，第二轴基本上反映了人类对群落的干扰程度，物种多样性指数随土壤水分的增加而增大，随人类的干扰程度的增加而减小。环境因子中，氮、有机质、海拔与第一轴呈负相关，其余因子与第一轴呈正相关，而铜、PH值与第一轴夹角很小，说明它们和水分梯度有显著的正相关，而锰、电导率与第二轴夹角小，说明它们与第二轴相关性大，而磷和第二轴却呈显著负相关。更多还原

【Abstract】 Hongyan Mountain, the highest peak in the middle part of Taihang Mountain, is located at Zuoquan county, the southeast part of Shanxi province. It’s altitude is 2089m: Its hypsography slopes from northwest to southeast, the former being lower than the later. The altitude of most area is over 1200m. Its climate belongs to the warm temperate zone. There are some villages in this district, so grazing and minerals exploitation have damaged vegetation.This paper selected the middle part of Taihang Mountain as study area. The species diversity, interspecific association and correlation, and niche breadth and niche overlap were studied. The community types, community structure, ecological relationships between species diversity and community types, environmental variables were analyzed in details.X2 test with 2×2 contingency table and Ochiai indices were used to analyze the interspecific association of 12 dominant species of meadow community and 20 dominant species of scrub community and 18 dominant species of tree community. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient were also applied to calculate correlations between species. The results indicted that species with positive association have similar biological characteristics and demand similar habitats, and the relationships among species-pairs are of significant difference in different types of community. The x2 test is lower, and the Spearman rank correlation test is better than Pearson test.68 quadrats were divided into 8 types of communities by TWINSPAN, which can be treated as one-dimension resource states. The niche breadths and overlaps of main dominant species were measured using a series of indices proposed by Levins, Shannon-wiener and Petraitis. The results indicated that the greater the niche breadth of a species was, the stronger the ability of adaptation to environment and using resources was. The greater the niche overlap value for some species-pairs, the more similar the environmental requirements and resource use. The species with wide niche breadth may have high overlap value with species with narrow niche breadth, and low on the contrary. Species of greatest niche breadth isn’t always the constructive species of community.By using of the richness, diversity and evenness indices, combined with TWINSPAN, DCA, DCCA, multi-factors regression, correlation analysis techniques and so on, species diversity and diversification mechanism were studied. The communities were classified into eight types by TWINSPAN. The first axis of DCA indicated basically the diversification of soil water, while the second axis indicated basically the disturbance degree by people.The correlations between N, organic matter, elevation and the first axis are negative association, and the others are positive. The angle between Cu, PH and the first axis is very small, shows significant positive association. The angle between Mn, electrical conductivity and the second axis is also small, showing significant association, and the correlations between P and the second axis are significantly negative.更多还原