【作者】 曾剑；

【导师】 孙志林； 熊绍隆；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 港口海岸及近岸工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 涌潮是水位骤然上升的涨潮波前峰，是一定条件下潮波非线性畸变的结果。涌潮一般是向河口上游推进的波列，强度大时，表面破碎，进而发展成溯源推进的水滚，其传播速度随涌潮高度与波前水深比值增加，大小介于涌潮前后小扰动波波速之间。世界上许多河口存在涌潮，最典型的还数钱塘江涌潮，它以凶猛、多变、惊险而堪称一绝，自古至今吸引着不计其数的观潮者。 钱塘江涌潮作为举世闻名的自然奇观，备受人们关注，有关部门已将涉水建筑物对涌潮的影响程度作为工程可否上马的关键性审批依据。本文从涌潮的成因入手，利用实测资料分析与比尺模型试验的研究方法，全面地研究了杭州湾大桥、沽渚大桥、萧山通道等桥梁工程对钱塘江涌潮的影响程度，从而为工程建设提供科学的依据。此外，还利用实体模型研究了多桥联合运行条件下对涌潮的影响。 涌潮的研究是当前的热点与难点之一，本项研究采用先进的潮汐控制技术与高精度的测试仪器，在比尺模型中成功地模拟出自然和建桥条件下涌潮的形成、变化过程，并有效地加以观测。研究结果表明，形成涌潮的基本条件是杭州湾平面喇叭口形态使潮差增大和沿程沙坎的抬升。在钱塘江河口建桥将引起局部水流的扰动及近区河床的相应变化，但不会对天文潮、径流及大范围河势、河床产生影响，因而，建桥不会从根本上改变涌潮的产生，但桥墩阻力对涌潮形态和强度是有影响的。建桥对涌潮形态的影响是局部的，在桥上游300m～500m的范围内基本可以得到恢复；建桥对涌潮强度的影响主要取决于桥墩阻水面积，一般来讲，阻水面积越大，位置离桥址越近，对涌潮强度的影响亦越大。根据模型试验结果，建立了涌潮高度的减小值与中潮位桥墩阻水面积百分比和上游离桥址距离的多元回归方程，可供钱塘江河口建桥对涌潮高度的影响计算参考使用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The tidal bore is the front of flood tide as the water lever rises suddenly, it is the result of nonlinear-formed tidal wave under some conditions. Generally, tidal bore is wave alignment moving upstream estuary, and its surface will break when the wave alignment is strong, which leads to water roll tracing the source. The velocity, which is between small-disturbed wave velocities before tidal bore happens and the one after tidal bore happens, increases with the ratio of tidal bore height to the water depth in wave front. There are tidal bores in many estuaries over the world, but it is Qiantang bore that is the most typical. Its roaring, fantastic and amazing spectacle has attracted countless visitors long before.As the natural marvelous spectacle in the world, the Qiantang bore has been increasingly focused on. So the impact that paddle structure has on tidal bore is regard as the key point in the feasibility of engineering approved. Beginning with the cause of tidal bore, then making use of measure data and combining with scale physical modeling, this paper does the research about the impact that bridge engineering has on the Qiantang bore, such as Hangzhou Bay bridge, Guzhu Bridge, Xiaoshan Bridge etc. It provides the scientific evidence for approving those engineering above. In addition, with the physical modeling it does research in the impact the united bridges have on the tidal bore.Now tidal bore is one of hotspots and difficulty in scientific research. With advanced tide-controlling technology and high accurate equipment, this paper does the research successfully on the formation and changes of tidal bore under natural condition and after the bridge being built. And those processes are observed effectively. The research result shows that the basic conditions for tidal bore formation are the funnel-shaped Hangzhou Bay and sand bar rising. The local current disturbance after bridge being built in Qiantang Estuary leads to correspond changes of riverbed near bridge. But there is not any impact on astronomical tide, runoff large-scaled river shape and riverbed after bridge being built. So it doesn’t change the formation of tidal bore at all after bridge being built, but there is some impact on the shape and intensity of tidal bore because of pier resistance. It is local impact that bridge being built has on the shape of tidal bore, and this local impact can be recovered in the place which is 300-500 long upstream bridge. The impact that bridge being built has on the intensity of tidal bore depends on the water-resisting area of bridge. Generally the more water-resisting area is and the nearer the place is away from the bridge site, the more impact is on the intensity of tidal bore. According to the result of physical modeling, the regression equation about the decrement of tidal bore height, the percentage of water-resisting area and the distance away from the upstream bridge site is constructed in this paper, the regression equation can be applied in the impact which bridge has on the tidal bore height in Qiangtang esturary.更多还原