【作者】 张亚丽；

【导师】 李玉玲；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 引进国外种质对提高我国玉米育种和生产水平具有重要作用，但要充分发挥其作用，必须系统研究其种质特点及其与我国不同优势类群自交系的遗传关系。本研究采用传统的配合力和杂种优势分析与现代的SSR分子标记技术相结合的方法，探讨引进南斯拉夫玉米自交系与我国不同优势类群骨干自交系的配合力、杂种优势、遗传距离和杂合性，为引进自交系的高效合理利用提供理论依据；并通过各项遗传指标与F1产量的相关分析，探讨各项指标预测杂种优势的可行性和效果。引进的9个南斯拉夫自交系与我国分属于不同优势类群的7个自交系按NCⅡ遗传设计组配成63个杂交组合，2000年、2002年分别在新乡和长葛两地采用3次重复的完全随机区组设计种植，以豫玉23和豫玉33为对照。对 7个穗粒性状的配合力和杂种优势分析结果表明，ZPL10的GCA和总配合力最大，与我国四平头、旅大红骨类群自交系的SCA和对照优势最高，具有较大的直接组配利用价值，ZPL10×S22和ZPL10×豫87-1分别较对照增产41.32%和24.26%、5.54%和23.74%；其余自交系穗粒重的GCA、总配合力和对照优势均较低，且地点间表现趋势不一致，直接组配利用价值不大，可用于改良相同或低优势类群自交系的某些性状。利用113对多态性SSR引物在27份自交系之间共检测到411个等位基因变异，涉及113个SSR位点，平均每个位点的等位基因数为3.64个，变化范围为2-9，平均多态性信息量为0.57，变化范围为0.13-0.82。27个自交系间的平均遗传距离为0.595，变化范围为0.095-0.719之间，表明供试自交系间的遗传差异较大。根据SSR数据按Word’s聚类分析方法将27个自交系分为6类，我国自交系的分<WP=7>类结果与其系谱来源和以往研究结果相一致，PA、PB和四平头类群自交系分别各归为一类；南斯拉夫自交系ZPL01、ZPL06、ZPL09、ZPL10和ZPL02归为第Ⅰ类， ZPL03、ZPL05、ZPL04与Mo17和丹232归为第Ⅱ类群， ZPL07与综3和综31归为第Ⅲ类。不同南斯拉夫自交系与我国不同优势类群自交系间GD和GH不同，除ZPL07外，南斯拉夫自交系与PA类群自交系的GD和GH都较小；第Ⅰ类群自交系与PB和四平头，第Ⅱ类群与四平头、旅大红骨和PB类群及ZPL07与我国四大类群自交系的GD和GH均较高。对GD、GH、穗粒重的SCA和对照优势与F1穗粒重的相关分析结果表明，SCA与对照优势及其与F1穗粒重呈极显著正相关，而GD、GH与F1穗粒重和对照优势的相关仅长葛点达到显著水平，表明利用SCA或对照优势可以较好地预测F1的产量表现，而GD和GH的预测效果较差，同时还受环境条件的影响。GD与 GH呈极显著正相关，二者与SCA不存在相关关系。利用单向方差分析方法对113对SSR标记进行阳性标记筛选，不同穗粒性状筛选到的阳性标记数差异比较大,占总标记数的2.92-16.30%。两个地点基于阳性标记的特殊杂合性与各穗粒性状的相关趋势基本一致，SH与穗粒重的相关均不显著，仅根据SH尚不足以预测杂种优势。更多还原

【Abstract】 Exotic germplasms have been playing an important role in corn breeding and production in our country. But to make good use of them, their genetic characteristics and germplasm relationship with Chinese inbred lines representing different heterotic groups should be studied. In this study, through the traditional methods, analysis of combining ability and heterosis, and modern SSR marker technique, the combining ability, heterosis, genetic distance and heterozygosity between introduced Yugoslavia inbreds and important lines representing different heterotic groups in our country were studied, which will greatly influence to make full use of those indroduced lines. Through all the parameters and their correlations with F1 grain yield, their abilities and results in heterosis prediction were also studied. Nine introduced Yugoslavia inbreds and 7 Chinese inbreds, representing different heterotic groups, were chosen to make 63 crosses using NCII genetic design. All the 63 crosses were evaluated in 3 replicated experiments with randomized completed block design at Xinxiang in 2000 and Changge in 2002, using Yuyu18 and Yuyu33 as check hybrids respectively. The combining ability and heterosis of 7 ear-kernel characters were analysed. The results showed that ZPL10 had the highest GCA and TCA, and its SCAs and the over-check heterosis with inbreds from Tangsipingtou, Lüdahonggu heterotic groups were the highest, so it had great value in direct utilization. The grain yield of ZPL10×S22 and ZPL10×Yu87-1 were greater than the two CKs by 41.32% and 24.26%, 5.54% and 23.74% respectively. For other lines,their GCAs, TCAs and over-check heterosis in ear-kernel weight were low and different in the two locations, so they might only be used to improve inbreds from the same or low heterotic groups.Genetic diversity of 27 elite maize inbred lines were evaluated by 113 SSR <WP=60>markers, which yielded 411 alleles. The average number of alleles per SSR locus was 3.64 with a range from 2 to 9, and the polymorphic index content (PIC) value 0.13-0.82 with an average of 0.57. The average genetic distance among 27 lines was 0.595 with a range from 0.095 to 0.719. A cluster analysis using SSR data classified the 27 inbred lines into 6 clusters, which was in agreement with pedigree analysis. All PA, PB and Tangsipingtou lines were assigned into their groups accordingly; Yugoslavia lines ZPL01, ZPL02, ZPL06, ZPL09 and ZPL10 were placed into cluster I, ZPL03, ZPL04, ZPL05 into cluster II with Mo17 and Dan232, ZPL07 into cluster III with Zong3 and Zong31. The GD and GH varied according to different Yugoslavia inbreds and inbreds from different heterotic groups in our country. Except ZPL07, the GD and GH between Yugoslavia lines and PA inbreds were all small. But the GD and GH between inbreds from cluster I and PB or Tangsipingtou, cluster II and Tangsipingtou, Lüdahonggu, PB, ZPL07 and lines from all our four heterotic groups were rather high.The correlation analysis among GD, GH, SCA, the over-check heterosis and F1 ear-kernel weight showed that there were significantly positive correlations among SCA, heterosis and F1 ear-kernel weight, but those GD, GH and F1 ear-kernel weight or over-check heterosis were significant only at Changge. So SCA and over-check heterosis could be used to predict F1 yield, but the ability of GD and GH in heterosis predication was limited and easily affected by environment. The correlation between GD and GH was significantly positive, but they had low correlation with SCA.One-way analysis of variance for 113 SSR markers showed that the positive markers of different ear-kernel characters were greatly different, which were 2.92-16.30% of the total markers. The correlations between SH and all the ear-kernel traits were almost identical, and was not significant with ear-kernel weight at two locations, indicating that only through SH heterosis could not be predicted correctly.更多还原