【作者】 李艳；

【导师】 崔党群；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 为研究小麦不同基因型间氮磷素利用效率的遗传差异。本文选用137个亲本材料测定子粒、叶片和茎秆的氮磷含量，对其进行聚类分析。同时选用29个普通小麦品种(系)在两种环境条件下设置随机区组试验研究氮磷素利用效率的遗传差异。主要结果如下： 1．小麦亲本氮素利用效率的遗传聚类分析，将137个小麦亲本分为三类。第1类包括38个亲本，属于氮高效亲本；第Ⅱ类包括53个亲本，属于吸氮能力差亲本；第Ⅲ类包括46个亲本，属于氮低效亲本。小麦亲本磷素利用效率的遗传聚类分析，将137个小麦亲本分为三类。第Ⅰ类包括60个亲本，属于磷低效亲本；第Ⅱ类包括53个亲本，属于费肥亲本；第Ⅲ类包括24个亲本，属于磷高效亲本。氮和磷均高效的亲本材料有7个。 2．对普通小麦品种(系)氮素利用效率的遗传差异研究表明，在正常环境和肥水亏缺胁迫环境条件下子粒、叶片和茎秆中平均含氮量的高低均为子粒＞叶片＞茎秆；子粒、叶片和茎秆中氮含量在不同品种间差异均极显著；肥水亏缺胁迫条件下，各基因型氮素利用效率极显著大于正常环境的氮素利用效率。在两种环境条件下均筛选出氮素利用效率较高和较低的小麦基因型。正常条件下子粒、叶片和茎秆中氮含量及氮利用效率的遗传率分别为54.69％，52.21％，24.36％，44.45％；肥水亏缺胁迫条件下子粒、叶片和茎秆中氮含量及氮利用效率的遗传率分别为45.98％，30.48％，17.41％，32.19％；子粒、叶片含氮量和氮利用效率的遗传率相对较高。 3．对两种试验条件下氮利用效率与有关性状相关分析的研究表明，在正常条件下茎叶含氮量愈低，穗数和千粒重愈高，则氮素利用效率愈高。在肥水亏缺胁迫条件下，子粒含氮量、千粒重和小穗密度愈高，氮素利用效率愈高。相反，叶片含氮量和不育小穗数愈低，则氮素利用效率愈高。即氮素在小麦植株体内的转运效率就高。 4.对普通小麦品种(系)磷素利用效率的遗传差异研究表明，在正常环境和肥水亏缺胁迫环境条件下子粒、叶片和茎秆中平均含磷量的高低均为子粒>叶片>茎秆;子粒全磷和磷素利用效率在不同基因型间差异极显著，叶片和茎秆全磷在不同基因型间存在显著差异;正常条件下小麦磷素利用效率显著大于肥水胁迫条件。在两种环境条件下均筛选出磷素利用效率较高和较低的小麦基因型。正常条件下子粒、叶片、茎秆中磷含量及磷利用效率的遗传率分别为33.89%，17.03%，4.37%，34.01%;在肥水胁迫条件下子粒、叶片、茎秆中磷含量及磷利用效率的遗传率分别为51 .43%，5.59%，29.14%，34.82%。 5.对两种试验条件下磷利用效率与有关性状相关分析的研究表明，正常条件下茎叶含磷量愈低，则子粒含磷量愈高，磷素利用效率也就愈高;肥水胁迫条件下子粒含磷量和穗数愈高，则磷素利用效率愈高，而叶片含磷量和结实小穗数愈低，则磷利用效率愈高。 6.对两种试验条件下小麦不同器官氮磷含量间相关分析的研究表明，两种环境条件下子粒全氮高，则子粒全磷和磷利用效率就愈高;茎秆中含氮量愈高，则子粒和茎秆中磷含量及磷素利用效率就愈高;叶片中含磷量愈低，则氮素利用效率愈高，磷素利用效率也就相应提高。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to study the genetic difference of N and P utilization efficiency among wheat varieties, the N and P contents in grain, leaf and stem were mensurated and the genetic cluster analysis was carried out for 137 wheat parents. At the same time, under two different conditions, the fertilizer and water deficiency and the normal condition, the genetic difference of N and P utilization efficiency among 29 common wheat varieties were studied. The main results were as follows:1.The results of genetic cluster analysis of N utilization efficiency showed that 137 wheat parents could be divided into three types. First type was including 38 parents,they were high-efficient parents; Second type was including 53 parents, they were low-abilitied parents in absorbing N; Third type was including 46 parents, they were low-efficient parents. The results of genetic cluster analysis of P utilization efficiency showed that 137 wheat parents could be divided into three types. First type was including 60 parents, they were low-efficient parents; Second type was including 53 parents,they were fertilizer-wasted parents; Third type was including 24 parents, they was low-efficient parents. There were 7 wheat parents whose N and P utilization efficiency were high.2.The genetic difference of N utilization efficiency in common wheat varieties were studied. The results showed that under the two different conditions, the average N content in grain was higher than that in leaf, and the average N content in leaf was higher than that in stem. The difference of N content in grain, leaf and stem among wheat varieties were significant. Under N fertilizer and water deficicency condition, the N utilization efficiency of wheat varieties was significantly higher than that under normal condition. Under the two conditions, the high-efficient or low-efficient wheat varieties were singled out. Under normal condition, the heritability of N content in grain, leaf and stem were 54.69%,52.21%,24.36%,respectively, and the heritability of N utilization efficiency was 44.45%;Under N fertilizer and water deficicencycondition, the heritability of N content in grain, leaf and stem were 45.98%, 30.48%, 17.41%, respectively, and the heritability of N utilization efficiency was 32.19%. The heritability of N content in grain and leaf and N utilization efficiency were high.3. The correlations between N utilization efficiency and relevant characters under the two conditions were studied. The results showed that under normal condition, the lower N content in leaf and stem, the more ear number and the higher 1,000 grains weight, so the higher N utilization efficiency; Under fertilizer and water deficiency condition, the higher N content in grain, 1,000 grains weight and spikelet dencity, the higher N utilization efficiency, reversely, the lower N content in leaf and yeld spikelet number, the higher N utilization efficiency, namely the higher N transported efficiency in plant.4. The genetic difference of P utilization efficiency in common wheat varieties were studied. The results showed that under the two different conditions, the average P content in grain was higher than that in leaf, and the average P content in leaf was higher than that in stem. The difference of P content in grain, leaf, stem and P utilization efficiency among wheat varieties were significant. Under normal condition, the P utilization efficiency of wheat varieties was significantly higher than that under fertilizer and water deficiency condition. Under the two conditions, the high-efficient or low-efficient wheat varieties were singled out. Under normal condition, the heritability of P content in grain, leaf, stem were33.89%,17.03%,4.37%,respectively, and the heritability of P utilization efficiency was 34.01%; Under fertilizer and water deficiency condition, the heritability of P content in grain, leaf and stem were 51.43%, 5.59%, 29.14%, respectively, and the heritability of P utilization efficiency was 34.82% .5.The correlations between P utilization efficiency and relevant ch更多还原