【作者】 黄彩霞；

【导师】 王世华；

【作者基本信息】 安徽师范大学 ， 中国古代史， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 明清时期江南是全国商品经济最发达的地区，由于这一地区人口增长很快，加之商业繁荣、市镇林立，非农人口数量骤增，人们对粮食的需求日益增大；在经济利益的驱动下，江南人民广泛种植棉、桑等经济作物，稻作物的种植面积剧减；同时，沉重的赋税和频繁的灾害加重了人民对粮食的需求。因此，明清时期江南成为全国最大的商品粮需求地。利润是推动商业发展的动力，江南便利的交通和政府优惠的粮食贸易政策，更是为商人进行粮食贩销提供了有利的条件。徽商利用自身有利的地理优势，在江南市场上纵横驰骋。他们或历风波之险，将长江中上游的粮食运入江南；或在江南设肆开店叫卖于市集之间；或解小民之急，典米经营；或因地制宜棉布易米。徽商抢占了江南的粮食市场，成为江南粮食市场上的主力军。由于徽商源源不断地将产粮区的粮食运入江南，从而使江南出现了稳定的粮食市场，满足了人民的需求，为江南经济作物种植的进一步扩大提供了条件，促进了江南自然资源的合理利用。长江中上游的粮食在徽商的转运贩销下畅顺地流向江南，使江南粮食市场上的粮食供需达到平衡，稳定了市场上的粮价，有利于江南社会的安定。同时，也促进了江南粮食市场体系的形成。更多还原

【Abstract】 Jingnan is the most prosperous region in Ming and Qing dynasty,where the merchandise economy flourish and so many people are engaged in business. Drived by the economic benefits, people are extensive to plant the cotton、 mulberry and quick decrease the rice plant . At the same time, the heavy farm tax and frenquent disaster aggravated people to the need of the food. Jiangnan region becomes the biggest merchandise of whole country food need ground in Ming and Qing dynasty.The profit is a motive to push the business development.Convenient transportation with special food trade policies, which are providing the businessman the beneficial management terms.Huizhou merchants make use of the beneficial geography to carry on food trade in Jiangnan market. They experience the risk, carring the food from Yangtze River upper stream to Jiangnan region. Or they establish shop to sell food in the region. Or help people, open the pawn spread the management.Huizhou merchants occupy the food market, becoming the main managerial man in Jiangnan food market.Because Huizhou merchants carried the food to Jiangnan region constantly through the river. The region appeared a stable food market. It is satisfying people’s need and promoting the reasonable exploitation of the region nature resources. The food through Yangtze River circulated smoothly to Jiangnan region,which made food supply and demand attain equilibrium, stabilized food price on the market, benefited to the social stability in the region. At the same time, also promoted to form food market system.更多还原